Dynamic configuration of measurement gaps

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are various techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) may determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs. The UE may send, to a serving base station, a request to use a first MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations, and may receive a response to the first request. The UE then measures positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the response. Based on measurements of the first set of positioning signals, the UE may select a second MG configuration, send a second request to use the second MG configuration, and receive a response to the second request. The UE then measures a second set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the response to the second request.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 63/078,164, filed Sep. 14, 2020, entitled “DYNAMIC CONFIGURATION OFMEASUREMENT GAPS,” which is assigned to the assignee hereof and isexpressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 1. Field of the Disclosure

Aspects of the disclosure relate generally to wireless communications.

2. Description of the Related Art

Wireless communication systems have developed through variousgenerations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service(1G), a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (includinginterim 2.5G and 2.75G networks), a third-generation (3G) high speeddata, Internet-capable wireless service and a fourth-generation (4G)service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). There are presentlymany different types of wireless communication systems in use, includingcellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples ofknown cellular systems include the cellular analog advanced mobile phonesystem (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code divisionmultiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), timedivision multiple access (TDMA), the Global System for Mobilecommunication (GSM), etc.

A fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, referred to as New Radio(NR), calls for higher data transfer speeds, greater numbers ofconnections, and better coverage, among other improvements. The 5Gstandard, according to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, isdesigned to provide data rates of several tens of megabits per second toeach of tens of thousands of users, with 1 gigabit per second to tens ofworkers on an office floor. Several hundreds of thousands ofsimultaneous connections should be supported in order to support largesensor deployments. Consequently, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobilecommunications should be significantly enhanced compared to the current4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiencies should be enhanced andlatency should be substantially reduced compared to current standards.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or moreaspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not beconsidered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects,nor should the following summary be considered to identify key orcritical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineatethe scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, thefollowing summary has the sole purpose to present certain conceptsrelating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosedherein in a simplified form to precede the detailed descriptionpresented below.

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE) includes determining a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); sending, to a serving base station, a first request to use afirst MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations;receiving, from the serving base station, a response to the firstrequest; measuring a first set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the first request; selecting,based on measurements of the first set of positioning signals, a secondMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; sending, tothe serving base station, a second request to use the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; receiving, fromthe serving base station, a response to the second request; andmeasuring a second set of positioning signals using an MG configurationindicated by the response to the second request.

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a UEincludes determining a plurality of MG configurations, each MGconfiguration defining one or more MGs, each MG having a MGL and a MGOand indicating a reference cell for measurement reporting; measuring afirst set of positioning signals using one MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; and reporting the measurement to thereference cell for measurement reporting indicated by the one MGconfiguration.

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a UEincludes determining a plurality of MG configurations, each MGconfiguration defining one or more MGs, each MG having a MGL and a MGO;sending, to a serving base station, a first request to use a first MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; receiving, fromthe serving base station, a response to the first request; measuring afirst set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the first request; sending, to the serving base station,a request to receive an updated plurality of MG configurations;receiving, from the serving base station, the updated plurality of MGconfigurations, the updated plurality of MG configurations comprising atleast one new MG configuration; and measuring a second set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration from among the updatedplurality of MG configurations.

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a networkentity includes sending, to a UE, a plurality of MG configurations, eachMG configuration defining an MG having a MGL and a MGO; receiving, fromthe UE, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; sending, to the UE, a response to thefirst request, the response indicating an MG configuration to be used bythe UE; receiving, from the UE, a second request to change at least oneMG configuration; and sending, to the UE, a response to the secondrequest to change at least one MG configuration.

In an aspect, a UE includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and atleast one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the atleast one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to:determine a plurality of MG configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a MGL and a MGO; send, via theat least one transceiver, to a serving base station, a first request touse a first MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations;receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the serving basestation, a response to the first request; measure a first set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the first request; select, based on measurements of the first set ofpositioning signals, a second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; send, via the at least one transceiver, to the servingbase station, a second request to use the second MG configuration fromthe plurality of MG configurations; receive, via the at least onetransceiver, from the serving base station, a response to the secondrequest; and measure a second set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request.

In an aspect, a UE includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and atleast one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the atleast one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to:determine a plurality of MG configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a MGL and a MGO and indicatinga reference cell for measurement reporting; measure a first set ofpositioning signals using one MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; and report the measurement to the reference cell formeasurement reporting indicated by the one MG configuration.

In an aspect, a UE includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and atleast one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the atleast one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to:determine a plurality of MG configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a MGL and a MGO; send, via theat least one transceiver, to a serving base station, a first request touse a first MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations;receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the serving basestation, a response to the first request; measure a first set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the first request; send, via the at least one transceiver, to theserving base station, a request to receive an updated plurality of MGconfigurations; receive, via the at least one transceiver, from theserving base station, the updated plurality of MG configurations, theupdated plurality of MG configurations comprising at least one new MGconfiguration; and measure a second set of positioning signals using anMG configuration from among the updated plurality of MG configurations.

In an aspect, a network entity includes a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: send, via the at least one transceiver, to a UE, aplurality of MG configurations, each MG configuration defining an MGhaving a MGL and a MGO; receive, via the at least one transceiver, fromthe UE, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; send, via the at least one transceiver,to the UE, a response to the first request, the response indicating anMG configuration to be used by the UE; receive, via the at least onetransceiver, from the UE, a second request to change at least one MGconfiguration; and send, via the at least one transceiver, to the UE, aresponse to the second request to change at least one MG configuration.

In an aspect, a UE includes means for determining a plurality of MGconfigurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a MGL and a MGO; means for sending, to a serving base station, afirst request to use a first MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; means for receiving, from the serving base station, aresponse to the first request; means for measuring a first set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the first request; means for selecting, based on measurements of thefirst set of positioning signals, a second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; means for sending, to the serving basestation, a second request to use the second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; means for receiving, from the servingbase station, a response to the second request; and means for measuringa second set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicatedby the response to the second request.

In an aspect, a UE includes means for determining a plurality of MGconfigurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a MGL and a MGO and indicating a reference cell for measurementreporting; means for measuring a first set of positioning signals usingone MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; and meansfor reporting the measurement to the reference cell for measurementreporting indicated by the one MG configuration.

In an aspect, a UE includes means for determining a plurality of MGconfigurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a MGL and a MGO; means for sending, to a serving base station, afirst request to use a first MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; means for receiving, from the serving base station, aresponse to the first request; means for measuring a first set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the first request; means for sending, to the serving base station, arequest to receive an updated plurality of MG configurations; means forreceiving, from the serving base station, the updated plurality of MGconfigurations, the updated plurality of MG configurations comprising atleast one new MG configuration; and means for measuring a second set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration from among the updatedplurality of MG configurations.

In an aspect, a network entity includes means for sending, to a UE, aplurality of MG configurations, each MG configuration defining an MGhaving a MGL and a MGO; means for receiving, from the UE, a firstrequest to use a first MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; means for sending, to the UE, a response to the firstrequest, the response indicating an MG configuration to be used by theUE; means for receiving, from the UE, a second request to change atleast one MG configuration; and means for sending, to the UE, a responseto the second request to change at least one MG configuration.

In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by a UE, cause theUE to: determine a plurality of MG configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a MGL and a MGO; send, to aserving base station, a first request to use a first MG configurationfrom the plurality of MG configurations; receive, from the serving basestation, a response to the first request; measure a first set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the first request; select, based on measurements of the first set ofpositioning signals, a second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; send, to the serving base station, a second request touse the second MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations;receive, from the serving base station, a response to the secondrequest; and measure a second set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request.

In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by an UE, cause theUE to: determine a plurality of MG configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a MGL and a MGO and indicatinga reference cell for measurement reporting; measure a first set ofpositioning signals using one MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; and report the measurement to the reference cell formeasurement reporting indicated by the one MG configuration.

In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by an UE, cause theUE to: determine a plurality of MG configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a MGL and a MGO; send, to aserving base station, a first request to use a first MG configurationfrom the plurality of MG configurations; receive, from the serving basestation, a response to the first request; measure a first set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the first request; send, to the serving base station, a request toreceive an updated plurality of MG configurations; receive, from theserving base station, the updated plurality of MG configurations, theupdated plurality of MG configurations comprising at least one new MGconfiguration; and measure a second set of positioning signals using anMG configuration from among the updated plurality of MG configurations.

In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by a networkentity, cause the network entity to: send, to a UE, a plurality of MGconfigurations, each MG configuration defining an MG having a MGL and aMGO; receive, from the UE, a first request to use a first MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; send, to the UE,a response to the first request, the response indicating an MGconfiguration to be used by the UE; receive, from the UE, a secondrequest to change at least one MG configuration; and send, to the UE, aresponse to the second request to change at least one MG configuration.

Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosedherein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on theaccompanying drawings and detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description ofexamples of one or more aspects of the disclosed subject matter and areprovided solely for illustration of the examples and not limitationthereof:

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless communications system,according to various aspects.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless network structures,according to various aspects.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sampleaspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), abase station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured tosupport communications as taught herein.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating example frame structures andchannels within the frame structures, according to aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating how the parameters of a measurement gapconfiguration specify a pattern of measurement gaps, according toaspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating positioning reference signals (PRSs)within a PRS occasion within a measurement gap, according to aspects ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating tracking reference signals (TRSs)within a TRS occasion within a measurement gap, according to aspects ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of multiple measurement gaps according toaspects of the disclosure.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are signal messaging diagrams showing an exemplarymethod of wireless communication according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are flowcharts showing portions of an example process,performed by a UE, associated with dynamic configuration of measurementgaps according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIGS. 11A through 11C are flowcharts showing portions of an exampleprocess, performed by a UE, associated with dynamic configuration ofmeasurement gaps according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a portion of an example process,performed by a UE, associated with dynamic configuration of measurementgaps according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a portion of an example process,performed by a network entity, associated with dynamic configuration ofmeasurement gaps according to aspects of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the disclosure are provided in the following description andrelated drawings directed to various examples provided for illustrationpurposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from thescope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of thedisclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as notto obscure the relevant details of the disclosure.

The words “exemplary” and/or “example” are used herein to mean “servingas an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described hereinas “exemplary” and/or “example” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term“aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of thedisclosure include the discussed feature, advantage, or mode ofoperation.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the information andsignals described below may be represented using any of a variety ofdifferent technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions,commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may bereferenced throughout the description below may be represented byvoltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles,optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, depending inpart on the particular application, in part on the desired design, inpart on the corresponding technology, etc.

Further, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions tobe performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will berecognized that various actions described herein can be performed byspecific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits(ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or moreprocessors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence(s)of actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirelywithin any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage mediumhaving stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that,upon execution, would cause or instruct an associated processor of adevice to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, the variousaspects of the disclosure may be embodied in a number of differentforms, all of which have been contemplated to be within the scope of theclaimed subject matter. In addition, for each of the aspects describedherein, the corresponding form of any such aspects may be describedherein as, for example, “logic configured to” perform the describedaction.

As used herein, the terms “user equipment” (UE) and “base station” arenot intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radioaccess technology (RAT), unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may beany wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tabletcomputer, laptop computer, tracking device, wearable (e.g., smartwatch,glasses, augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.),vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet ofThings (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wirelesscommunications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certaintimes) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network(RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeablyas an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a “wireless device,”a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a “subscriber station,”a “user terminal” or UT, a “mobile device,” a “mobile terminal,” a“mobile station,” or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicatewith a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs canbe connected with external networks such as the Internet and with otherUEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core networkand/or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wiredaccess networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g.,based on IEEE 802.11, etc.) and so on.

A base station may operate according to one of several RATs incommunication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed,and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a networkentity, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB),a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. Abase station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs,including supporting data, voice, and/or signaling connections for thesupported UEs. In some systems a base station may provide purely edgenode signaling functions while in other systems it may provideadditional control and/or network management functions. A communicationlink through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called anuplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse controlchannel, an access channel, etc.). A communication link through whichthe base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) orforward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, abroadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein theterm traffic channel (TCH) can refer to either an uplink/reverse ordownlink/forward traffic channel.

The term “base station” may refer to a single physicaltransmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that mayor may not be co-located. For example, where the term “base station”refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna ofthe base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) ofthe base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multipleco-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas(e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where thebase station employs beamforming) of the base station. Where the term“base station” refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, thephysical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network ofspatially separated antennas connected to a common source via atransport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base stationconnected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-locatedphysical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurementreport from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference RFsignals (or simply “reference signals”) the UE is measuring. Because aTRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receiveswireless signals, as used herein, references to transmission from orreception at a base station are to be understood as referring to aparticular TRP of the base station.

In some implementations that support positioning of UEs, a base stationmay not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data,voice, and/or signaling connections for UEs), but may instead transmitreference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and/or may receiveand measure signals transmitted by the UEs. Such a base station may bereferred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals toUEs) and/or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving andmeasuring signals from UEs).

An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequencythat transports information through the space between a transmitter anda receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RFsignal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, the receivermay receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RFsignal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals throughmultipath channels. The same transmitted RF signal on different pathsbetween the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath”RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a“wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from thecontext that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RFsignal.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless communications system 100according to various aspects. The wireless communications system 100(which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN))may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. The basestations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high power cellularbase stations) and/or small cell base stations (low power cellular basestations). In an aspect, the macro cell base station may include eNBsand/or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 correspondsto an LTE network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the smallcell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with acore network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC))through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one ormore location servers 172 (which may be part of core network 170 or maybe external to core network 170). In addition to other functions, thebase stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more oftransferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering,integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions(e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interferencecoordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distributionfor non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection,synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service(MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management(RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The basestations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly(e.g., through the EPC/5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wiredor wireless.

The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Eachof the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for arespective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cellsmay be supported by a base station 102 in each coverage area 110. A“cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with abase station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as acarrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like), andmay be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier(PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI))for distinguishing cells operating via the same or a different carrierfrequency. In some cases, different cells may be configured according todifferent protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC),narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others)that may provide access for different types of UEs. Because a cell issupported by a specific base station, the term “cell” may refer toeither or both of the logical communication entity and the base stationthat supports it, depending on the context. In addition, because a TRPis typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell”and “TRP” may be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell”may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., asector), insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used forcommunication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.

While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region), some of thegeographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by alarger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell basestation 102′ may have a coverage area 110′ that substantially overlapswith the coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102.A network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations maybe known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may alsoinclude home eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restrictedgroup known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).

The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissionsfrom a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (also referred to asforward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. Thecommunication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, includingspatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. Thecommunication links 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies.Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink anduplink (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for downlink thanfor uplink).

The wireless communications system 100 may further include a wirelesslocal area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication withWLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensedfrequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in an unlicensedfrequency spectrum, the WLAN STAs 152 and/or the WLAN AP 150 may performa clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedureprior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel isavailable.

The small cell base station 102′ may operate in a licensed and/or anunlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequencyspectrum, the small cell base station 102′ may employ LTE or NRtechnology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as usedby the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102′, employing LTE/5Gin an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and/orincrease capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum maybe referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred toas LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MulteFire.

The wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeterwave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and/ornear mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182. Extremely highfrequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHFhas a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeterand 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as amillimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with awavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) bandextends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave.Communications using the mmW/near mmW radio frequency band have highpath loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and theUE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and/or receive) over a mmWcommunication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path lossand short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternativeconfigurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit usingmmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciatedthat the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not beconstrued to limit the various aspects disclosed herein.

Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in aspecific direction. Traditionally, when a network entity (e.g., a basestation) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in alldirections (omni-directionally). With transmit beamforming, the networkentity determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located(relative to the transmitting network entity) and projects a strongerdownlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing afaster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal for the receivingdevice(s). To change the directionality of the RF signal whentransmitting, a network entity can control the phase and relativeamplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters thatare broadcasting the RF signal. For example, a network entity may use anarray of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or an “antennaarray”) that creates a beam of RF waves that can be “steered” to pointin different directions, without actually moving the antennas.Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to theindividual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that theradio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase theradiation in a desired direction, while canceling to suppress radiationin undesired directions.

Transmit beams may be quasi-collocated, meaning that they appear to thereceiver (e.g., a UE) as having the same parameters, regardless ofwhether or not the transmitting antennas of the network entitythemselves are physically collocated. In NR, there are four types ofquasi-collocation (QCL) relations. Specifically, a QCL relation of agiven type means that certain parameters about a second reference RFsignal on a second beam can be derived from information about a sourcereference RF signal on a source beam. Thus, if the source reference RFsignal is QCL Type A, the receiver can use the source reference RFsignal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, anddelay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type B, the receivercan use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift andDoppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C, the receivercan use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift andaverage delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D, the receivercan use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receiveparameter of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the samechannel.

In receive beamforming, the receiver uses a receive beam to amplify RFsignals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver canincrease the gain setting and/or adjust the phase setting of an array ofantennas in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., to increase thegain level of) the RF signals received from that direction. Thus, when areceiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means the beamgain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along otherdirections, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest comparedto the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams availableto the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength(e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal receivedquality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) ofthe RF signals received from that direction.

Receive beams may be spatially related. A spatial relation means thatparameters for a transmit beam for a second reference signal can bederived from information about a receive beam for a first referencesignal. For example, a UE may use a particular receive beam to receiveone or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., positioningreference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phasetracking reference signal (PTRS), cell-specific reference signals (CRS),channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), primarysynchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS),synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), etc.) from a base station. The UEcan then form a transmit beam for sending one or more uplink referencesignals (e.g., uplink positioning reference signals (UL-PRS), soundingreference signal (SRS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), PTRS,etc.) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.

Note that a “downlink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receivebeam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base stationis forming the downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, thedownlink beam is a transmit beam. If the UE is forming the downlinkbeam, however, it is a receive beam to receive the downlink referencesignal. Similarly, an “uplink” beam may be either a transmit beam or areceive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a basestation is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink receive beam, and ifa UE is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.

In 5G, the frequency spectrum in which wireless nodes (e.g., basestations 102/180, UEs 104/182) operate is divided into multiplefrequency ranges, FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In amulti-carrier system, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies isreferred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primaryserving cell” or “PCell,” and the remaining carrier frequencies arereferred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or“SCells.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrieroperating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104/182and the cell in which the UE 104/182 either performs the initial radioresource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiatesthe RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carriercarries all common and UE-specific control channels, and may be acarrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case).A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g.,FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is establishedbetween the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used toprovide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carriermay be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier maycontain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example,those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier,since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typicallyUE-specific. This means that different UEs 104/182 in a cell may havedifferent downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplinkprimary carriers. The network is able to change the primary carrier ofany UE 104/182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance theload on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether a PCell oran SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency/component carrier overwhich some base station is communicating, the term “cell,” “servingcell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” and the like can beused interchangeably.

For example, still referring to FIG. 1, one of the frequencies utilizedby the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or“PCell”) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations102 and/or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers(“SCells”). The simultaneous transmission and/or reception of multiplecarriers enables the UE 104/182 to significantly increase its datatransmission and/or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregatedcarriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to atwo-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz), compared to that attainedby a single 20 MHz carrier.

The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or moreUEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or morecommunication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D)peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks”). In the example ofFIG. 1, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connectedto one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 mayindirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 withWLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 mayindirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity). In an example, theD2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT,such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, and so on.

The wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 thatmay communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communicationlink 120 and/or the mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCelland one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 maysupport one or more SCells for the UE 164.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example wireless network structure 200. Forexample, a 5GC 210 (also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC))can be viewed functionally as control plane (C-plane) functions 214(e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gatewayselection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212, (e.g., UEgateway function, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.) whichoperate cooperatively to form the core network. User plane interface(NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 tothe 5GC 210 and specifically to the user plane functions 212 and controlplane functions 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, anng-eNB 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to thecontrol plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212.Further, ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaulconnection 223. In some configurations, a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations includeone or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) gNB 222or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of theUEs described herein).

Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which may bein communication with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance forUE(s) 204. The location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality ofseparate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different softwaremodules on a single server, different software modules spread acrossmultiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond toa single server. The location server 230 can be configured to supportone or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to thelocation server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and/or via theInternet (not illustrated). Further, the location server 230 may beintegrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may beexternal to the core network (e.g., a third party server, such as anoriginal equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or service server).

FIG. 2B illustrates another example wireless network structure 250. A5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in FIG. 2A) can be viewedfunctionally as control plane functions, provided by an access andmobility management function (AMF) 264, and user plane functions,provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate cooperativelyto form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). The functions of the AMF 264include registration management, connection management, reachabilitymanagement, mobility management, lawful interception, transport forsession management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., anyof the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF)266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, accessauthentication and access authorization, transport for short messageservice (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message servicefunction (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF).The AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF)(not shown) and the UE 204, and receives the intermediate key that wasestablished as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In thecase of authentication based on a UMTS (universal mobiletelecommunications system) subscriber identity module (USIM), the AMF264 retrieves the security material from the AUSF. The functions of theAMF 264 also include security context management (SCM). The SCM receivesa key from the SEAF that it uses to derive access-network specific keys.The functionality of the AMF 264 also includes location servicesmanagement for regulatory services, transport for location servicesmessages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270(which acts as a location server 230), transport for location servicesmessages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system(EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE204 mobility event notification. In addition, the AMF 264 also supportsfunctionalities for non-3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)access networks.

Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point forintra-/inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an externalprotocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network(not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection,user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, trafficsteering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usagereporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g.,uplink/downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in thedownlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoSflow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink anddownlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notificationtriggering, and sending and forwarding of one or more “end markers” tothe source RAN node. The UPF 262 may also support transfer of locationservices messages over a user plane between the UE 204 and a locationserver, such as an SLP 272.

The functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internetprotocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and controlof user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF262 to route traffic to the proper destination, control of part ofpolicy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. Theinterface over which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 isreferred to as the N11 interface.

Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which may be incommunication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers(e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on asingle server, different software modules spread across multiplephysical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a singleserver. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more locationservices for UEs 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the corenetwork, 5GC 260, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated). The SLP 272may support similar functions to the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270may communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over a controlplane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to convey signalingmessages and not voice or data), the SLP 272 may communicate with UEs204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) over a userplane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and/or data likethe transmission control protocol (TCP) and/or IP).

Yet another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274, whichmay be in communication with the LMF 270, the SLP 272, the 5GC 260(e.g., via the AMF 264 and/or the UPF 262), the NG-RAN 220, and/or theUE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., a location estimate) forthe UE 204. As such, in some cases, the third-party server 274 may bereferred to as a location services (LCS) client or an external client.The third-party server 274 can be implemented as a plurality of separateservers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software moduleson a single server, different software modules spread across multiplephysical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a singleserver.

User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC260, and specifically the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one ormore gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220. The interfacebetween gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the AMF 264 is referred toas the “N2” interface, and the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/orng-eNB(s) 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface. ThegNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicatedirectly with each other via backhaul connections 223, referred to asthe “Xn-C” interface. One or more of gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 maycommunicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface, referredto as the “Uu” interface.

The functionality of a gNB 222 may be divided between a gNB central unit(gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228, and oneor more gNB radio units (gNB-RUs) 229. A gNB-CU 226 is a logical nodethat includes the base station functions of transferring user data,mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, sessionmanagement, and the like, except for those functions allocatedexclusively to the gNB-DU(s) 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226generally host the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptationprotocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocolsof the gNB 222. A gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that generally hosts theradio link control (RLC) and medium access control (MAC) layer of thegNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228can support one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only onegNB-DU 228. The interface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or moregNB-DUs 228 is referred to as the “F1” interface. The physical (PHY)layer functionality of a gNB 222 is generally hosted by one or morestandalone gNB-RUs 229 that perform functions such as poweramplification and signal transmission/reception. The interface between agNB-DU 228 and a gNB-RU 229 is referred to as the “Fx” interface. Thus,a UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCPlayers, with a gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with a gNB-RU229 via the PHY layer.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (representedby corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (whichmay correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304(which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), anda network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of thenetwork functions described herein, including the location server 230and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220and/or 5GC 210/260 infrastructure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as aprivate network) to support the file transmission operations as taughtherein. It will be appreciated that these components may be implementedin different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., inan ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC), etc.). The illustrated componentsmay also be incorporated into other apparatuses in a communicationsystem. For example, other apparatuses in a system may includecomponents similar to those described to provide similar functionality.Also, a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components. Forexample, an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components thatenable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and/or communicatevia different technologies.

The UE 302 and the base station 304 each include one or more wirelesswide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively,providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, meansfor receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means forrefraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wirelesscommunication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTEnetwork, a GSM network, and/or the like. The WWAN transceivers 310 and350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356,respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as otherUEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at leastone designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wirelesscommunication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time/frequencyresources in a particular frequency spectrum). The WWAN transceivers 310and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and encodingsignals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and soon), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and soon), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT. Specifically,the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively,for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

The UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include, at least in somecases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360,respectively. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may beconnected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and providemeans for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means forreceiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refrainingfrom transmitting, etc.) with other network nodes, such as other UEs,access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT(e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, dedicatedshort-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicularenvironments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), etc.) over awireless communication medium of interest. The short-range wirelesstransceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmittingand encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications,information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receivingand decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications,information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with thedesignated RAT. Specifically, the short-range wireless transceivers 320and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, fortransmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one ormore receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decodingsignals 328 and 368, respectively. As specific examples, the short-rangewireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth®transceivers, Zigbee® and/or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, orvehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)transceivers.

The UE 302 and the base station 304 also include, at least in somecases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. The satellite signalreceivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and/or measuringsatellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellitepositioning system receivers, the satellite positioning/communicationsignals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals,global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals,Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC),Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. Where the satellite signalreceivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, thesatellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may becommunication signals (e.g., carrying control and/or user data)originating from a 5G network. The satellite signal receivers 330 and370 may comprise any suitable hardware and/or software for receiving andprocessing satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378,respectively. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may requestinformation and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and,at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations ofthe UE 302 and the base station 304, respectively, using measurementsobtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.

The base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or morenetwork transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, providing means forcommunicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.)with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, othernetwork entities 306). For example, the base station 304 may employ theone or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other basestations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wirelessbackhaul links. As another example, the network entity 306 may employthe one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or morebase station 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, orwith other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless corenetwork interfaces.

A transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wirelesslink. A transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wirelesstransceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314,324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352,362). A transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodyingtransmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in someimplementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry andseparate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodiedin other ways in other implementations. The transmitter circuitry andreceiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceivers380 and 390 in some implementations) may be coupled to one or more wirednetwork interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g.,transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to aplurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as anantenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, basestation 304) to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein.Similarly, wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352,362) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g.,antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits therespective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receivebeamforming, as described herein. In an aspect, the transmittercircuitry and receiver circuitry may share the same plurality ofantennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respectiveapparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at thesame time. A wireless transceiver (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350,short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include anetwork listen module (NLM) or the like for performing variousmeasurements.

As used herein, the various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in someimplementations) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380and 390 in some implementations) may generally be characterized as “atransceiver,” “at least one transceiver,” or “one or more transceivers.”As such, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wirelesstransceiver may be inferred from the type of communication performed.For example, backhaul communication between network devices or serverswill generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver, whereaswireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station(e.g., base station 304) will generally relate to signaling via awireless transceiver.

The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 alsoinclude other components that may be used in conjunction with theoperations as disclosed herein. The UE 302, the base station 304, andthe network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394,respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example,wireless communication, and for providing other processingfunctionality. The processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore providemeans for processing, such as means for determining, means forcalculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means forindicating, etc. In an aspect, the processors 332, 384, and 394 mayinclude, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-coreprocessors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), otherprogrammable logic devices or processing circuitry, or variouscombinations thereof.

The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 includememory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., eachincluding a memory device), respectively, for maintaining information(e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds,parameters, and so on). The memories 340, 386, and 396 may thereforeprovide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining,etc. In some cases, the UE 302, the base station 304, and the networkentity 306 may include positioning component 342, 388, and 398,respectively. The positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may behardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 332,384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, cause the UE 302, thebase station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform thefunctionality described herein. In other aspects, the positioningcomponent 342, 388, and 398 may be external to the processors 332, 384,and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated withanother processing system, etc.). Alternatively, the positioningcomponent 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in the memories340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processingsystem, etc.), cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the networkentity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. FIG. 3Aillustrates possible locations of the positioning component 342, whichmay be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, thememory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof,or may be a standalone component. FIG. 3B illustrates possible locationsof the positioning component 388, which may be, for example, part of theone or more WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or moreprocessors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalonecomponent. FIG. 3C illustrates possible locations of the positioningcomponent 398, which may be, for example, part of the one or morenetwork transceivers 390, the memory 396, the one or more processors394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.

The UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one ormore processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movementand/or orientation information that is independent of motion dataderived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310,the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and/or thesatellite signal receiver 330. By way of example, the sensor(s) 344 mayinclude an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems(MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), analtimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter), and/or any other typeof movement detection sensor. Moreover, the sensor(s) 344 may include aplurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs inorder to provide motion information. For example, the sensor(s) 344 mayuse a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensorsto provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D)and/or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

In addition, the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 providing meansfor providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to auser and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of asensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).Although not shown, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 mayalso include user interfaces.

Referring to the one or more processors 384 in more detail, in thedownlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to theprocessor 384. The one or more processors 384 may implementfunctionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol(PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium accesscontrol (MAC) layer. The one or more processors 384 may provide RRClayer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information(e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks(SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRCconnection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRCconnection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configurationfor UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated withheader compression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering,integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover supportfunctions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upperlayer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ),concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units(SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC dataPDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping betweenlogical channels and transport channels, scheduling informationreporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channelprioritization.

The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (L1)functionality associated with various signal processing functions.Layer-1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include errordetection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC)coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching,mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physicalchannels, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handlesmapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes(e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split intoparallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with areference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, andthen combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) toproduce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream.The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatialstreams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used todetermine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatialprocessing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signaland/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302. Eachspatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas356. The transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a respectivespatial stream for transmission.

At the UE 302, the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respectiveantenna(s) 316. The receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto anRF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors332. The transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer-1functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Thereceiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information torecover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If multiple spatialstreams are destined for the UE 302, they may be combined by thereceiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The receiver 312 thenconverts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequencydomain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signalcomprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDMsignal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, arerecovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signalconstellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These softdecisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channelestimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved torecover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted bythe base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and controlsignals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, whichimplements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.

In the uplink, the one or more processors 332 provides demultiplexingbetween transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering,header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IPpackets from the core network. The one or more processors 332 are alsoresponsible for error detection.

Similar to the functionality described in connection with the downlinktransmission by the base station 304, the one or more processors 332provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information(e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurementreporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with headercompression/decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering,integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionalityassociated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correctionthrough ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs,re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; andMAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channelsand transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks(TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling informationreporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request(HARD), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a referencesignal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used bythe transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulationschemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streamsgenerated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s)316. The transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respectivespatial stream for transmission.

The uplink transmission is processed at the base station 304 in a mannersimilar to that described in connection with the receiver function atthe UE 302. The receiver 352 receives a signal through its respectiveantenna(s) 356. The receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto anRF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors384.

In the uplink, the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexingbetween transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering,header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packetsfrom the UE 302. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may beprovided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are alsoresponsible for error detection.

For convenience, the UE 302, the base station 304, and/or the networkentity 306 are shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C as including variouscomponents that may be configured according to the various examplesdescribed herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustratedcomponents may have different functionality in different designs. Inparticular, various components in FIGS. 3A to 3C are optional inalternative configurations and the various aspects includeconfigurations that may vary due to design choice, costs, use of thedevice, or other considerations. For example, in case of FIG. 3A, aparticular implementation of UE 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 310(e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or PC or laptop may haveWi-Fi and/or Bluetooth capability without cellular capability), or mayomit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only,etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit thesensor(s) 344, and so on. In another example, in case of FIG. 3B, aparticular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWANtransceiver(s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point withoutcellular capability), or may omit the short-range wirelesstransceiver(s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit thesatellite receiver 370, and so on. For brevity, illustration of thevarious alternative configurations is not provided herein, but would bereadily understandable to one skilled in the art.

The various components of the UE 302, the base station 304, and thenetwork entity 306 may be communicatively coupled to each other overdata buses 334, 382, and 392, respectively. In an aspect, the data buses334, 382, and 392 may form, or be part of, a communication interface ofthe UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306,respectively. For example, where different logical entities are embodiedin the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionalityincorporated into the same base station 304), the data buses 334, 382,and 392 may provide communication between them.

The components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in variousways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3Cmay be implemented in one or more circuits such as, for example, one ormore processors and/or one or more ASICs (which may include one or moreprocessors). Here, each circuit may use and/or incorporate at least onememory component for storing information or executable code used by thecircuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of thefunctionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented byprocessor and memory component(s) of the UE 302 (e.g., by execution ofappropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processorcomponents). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented byblocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by processor and memorycomponent(s) of the base station 304 (e.g., by execution of appropriatecode and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components). Also,some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may beimplemented by processor and memory component(s) of the network entity306 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriateconfiguration of processor components). For simplicity, variousoperations, acts, and/or functions are described herein as beingperformed “by a UE,” “by a base station,” “by a network entity,” etc.However, as will be appreciated, such operations, acts, and/or functionsmay actually be performed by specific components or combinations ofcomponents of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc.,such as the processors 332, 384, 394, the transceivers 310, 320, 350,and 360, the memories 340, 386, and 396, the positioning component 342,388, and 398, etc.

In some designs, the network entity 306 may be implemented as a corenetwork component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may bedistinct from a network operator or operation of the cellular networkinfrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260). For example, thenetwork entity 306 may be a component of a private network that may beconfigured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 orindependently from the base station 304 (e.g., over a non-cellularcommunication link, such as WiFi).

NR supports a number of cellular network-based positioning technologies,including downlink-based, uplink-based, and downlink-and-uplink-basedpositioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include observedtime difference of arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, downlink time difference ofarrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and downlink angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) in NR.In an OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, a UE measures thedifferences between the times of arrival (ToAs) of reference signals(e.g., PRS, TRS, NRS, CSI-RS, SSB, etc.) received from pairs of basestations, referred to as reference signal time difference (RSTD) or timedifference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, and reports them to apositioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives the identifiersof a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiplenon-reference base stations in assistance data. The UE then measures theRSTD between the reference base station and each of the non-referencebase stations. Based on the known locations of the involved basestations and the RSTD measurements, the positioning entity can estimatethe UE's location. For DL-AoD positioning, a base station measures theangle and other channel properties (e.g., signal strength) of thedownlink transmit beam used to communicate with a UE to estimate thelocation of the UE.

Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference ofarrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA). UL-TDOA issimilar to DL-TDOA, but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS)transmitted by the UE. For UL-AoA positioning, a base station measuresthe angle and other channel properties (e.g., gain level) of the uplinkreceive beam used to communicate with a UE to estimate the location ofthe UE.

Downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods include enhanced cell-ID(E-CID) positioning and multi-round-trip-time (RTT) positioning (alsoreferred to as “multi-cell RTT”). In an RTT procedure, an initiator (abase station or a UE) transmits an RTT measurement signal (e.g., a PRSor SRS) to a responder (a UE or base station), which transmits an RTTresponse signal (e.g., an SRS or PRS) back to the initiator. The RTTresponse signal includes the difference between the ToA of the RTTmeasurement signal and the transmission time of the RTT response signal,referred to as the reception-to-transmission (Rx-Tx) measurement. Theinitiator calculates the difference between the transmission time of theRTT measurement signal and the ToA of the RTT response signal, referredto as the “Tx-Rx” measurement. The propagation time (also referred to asthe “time of flight”) between the initiator and the responder can becalculated from the Tx-Rx and Rx-Tx measurements. Based on thepropagation time and the known speed of light, the distance between theinitiator and the responder can be determined. For multi-RTTpositioning, a UE performs an RTT procedure with multiple base stationsto enable its location to be triangulated based on the known locationsof the base stations. RTT and multi-RTT methods can be combined withother positioning techniques, such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improvelocation accuracy.

The E-CID positioning method is based on radio resource management (RRM)measurements. In E-CID, the UE reports the serving cell ID, the timingadvance (TA), and the identifiers, estimated timing, and signal strengthof detected neighbor base stations. The location of the UE is thenestimated based on this information and the known locations of the basestations.

To assist positioning operations, a location server (e.g., locationserver 230, LWF 270, SLP 272) may provide assistance data to the UE. Forexample, the assistance data may include identifiers of the basestations (or the cells/TRPs of the base stations) from which to measurereference signals, the reference signal configuration parameters (e.g.,the number of consecutive positioning slots, periodicity of positioningslots, muting sequence, frequency hopping sequence, reference signalidentifier (ID), reference signal bandwidth, slot offset, etc.), and/orother parameters applicable to the particular positioning method.Alternatively, the assistance data may originate directly from the basestations themselves (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overheadmessages, etc.). In some cases, the UE may be able to detect neighbornetwork entities itself without the use of assistance data.

A location estimate may be referred to by other names, such as aposition estimate, location, position, position fix, fix, or the like. Alocation estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g.,latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) or may be civic and comprisea street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of alocation. A location estimate may further be defined relative to someother known location or defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude,longitude, and possibly altitude). A location estimate may include anexpected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volumewithin which the location is expected to be included with some specifiedor default level of confidence).

Various frame structures may be used to support downlink and uplinktransmissions between network entities (e.g., base stations and UEs).

FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a downlink framestructure, according to aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of channels within thedownlink frame structure, according to aspects of the disclosure. Otherwireless communications technologies may have different frame structuresand/or different channels.

LTE, and in some cases NR, utilizes OFDM on the downlink andsingle-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink.Unlike LTE, however, NR has an option to use OFDM on the uplink as well.OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K)orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones,bins, etc. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. In general,modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in thetime domain with SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers may befixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on thesystem bandwidth. For example, the spacing of the subcarriers may be 15kHz and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) may be 12subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Consequently, the nominal FFT size may beequal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5,5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively. The system bandwidth mayalso be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.8MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16subbands for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz,respectively.

LTE supports a single numerology (subcarrier spacing, symbol length,etc.). In contrast, NR may support multiple numerologies (μ), forexample, subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240kHz or greater may be available. Table 1 provided below lists somevarious parameters for different NR numerologies.

TABLE 1

nominal

ymbol system BW

ols/

/ Duration Duration (MHz) with

(kHz) Sot Subframe Frame (ms) (μs) 4K FFT size

5 14 1

10 1

66.7 50

0 14 2

20

0.5

33.3 100

0 14 4

40

25

16.7 100

20 14 8

80

125

8.33 400

40 14 16

60

0625

4.17 800

indicates data missing or illegible when filed

In the example of FIGS. 4A and 4B, a numerology of 15 kHz is used. Thus,in the time domain, a 10 millisecond (ms) frame is divided into 10equally sized subframes of 1 ms each, and each subframe includes onetime slot. In FIGS. 4A and 4B, time is represented horizontally (e.g.,on the X axis) with time increasing from left to right, while frequencyis represented vertically (e.g., on the Y axis) with frequencyincreasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.

A resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each time slotincluding one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (alsoreferred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. Theresource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs).An RE may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and onesubcarrier in the frequency domain. In the numerology of FIGS. 4A and4B, for a normal cyclic prefix, an RB may contain 12 consecutivesubcarriers in the frequency domain and seven consecutive symbols in thetime domain, for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, an RBmay contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and sixconsecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. Thenumber of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

Some of the REs carry downlink reference (pilot) signals (DL-RS). TheDL-RS may include PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, etc.FIG. 4A illustrates exemplary locations of REs carrying PRS (labeled“R”).

A collection of resource elements (REs) that are used for transmissionof PRS is referred to as a “PRS resource.” The collection of resourceelements can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and ‘N’ (e.g., 1or more) consecutive symbol(s) within a slot in the time domain. In agiven OFDM symbol in the time domain, a PRS resource occupiesconsecutive PRBs in the frequency domain.

The transmission of a PRS resource within a given PRB has a particularcomb size (also referred to as the “comb density”). A comb size ‘N’represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency/tone spacing) withineach symbol of a PRS resource configuration. Specifically, for a combsize ‘N,’ PRS are transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of a symbol of aPRB. For example, for comb-4, for each of the fourth symbols of the PRSresource configuration, REs corresponding to every fourth subcarrier(e.g., subcarriers 0, 4, 8) are used to transmit PRS of the PRSresource. Currently, comb sizes of comb-2, comb-4, comb-6, and comb-12are supported for DL-PRS. FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary PRS resourceconfiguration for comb-6 (which spans six symbols). That is, thelocations of the shaded REs (labeled “R”) indicate a comb-6 PRS resourceconfiguration.

A “PRS resource set” is a set of PRS resources used for the transmissionof PRS signals, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. Inaddition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated withthe same TRP. A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set IDand is associated with a particular TRP (identified by a TRP ID). Inaddition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set have the sameperiodicity, a common muting pattern configuration, and the samerepetition factor (e.g., PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor) across slots. Theperiodicity is the time from the first repetition of the first PRSresource of a first PRS instance to the same first repetition of thesame first PRS resource of the next PRS instance. The periodicity mayhave a length selected from 2^(μ). {4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 32, 40, 64, 80,160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120, 10240} slots, with μ=0, 1, 2, 3. Therepetition factor may have a length selected from {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16,32} slots.

A PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set is associated with a single beam(and/or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where a TRP may transmitone or more beams). That is, each PRS resource of a PRS resource set maybe transmitted on a different beam, and as such, a “PRS resource,” orsimply “resource,” can also be referred to as a “beam.” Note that thisdoes not have any implications on whether the TRPs and the beams onwhich PRS are transmitted are known to the UE.

A “PRS instance” or “PRS occasion” is one instance of a periodicallyrepeated time window (e.g., a group of one or more consecutive slots)where PRS are expected to be transmitted. A PRS occasion may also bereferred to as a “PRS positioning occasion,” a “PRS positioninginstance, a “positioning occasion,” “a positioning instance,” a“positioning repetition,” or simply an “occasion,” an “instance,” or a“repetition.”

A “positioning frequency layer” (also referred to simply as a “frequencylayer”) is a collection of one or more PRS resource sets across one ormore TRPs that have the same values for certain parameters.Specifically, the collection of PRS resource sets has the samesubcarrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning allnumerologies supported for the PDSCH are also supported for PRS), thesame Point A, the same value of the downlink PRS bandwidth, the samestart PRB (and center frequency), and the same comb-size. The Point Aparameter takes the value of the parameter ARFCN-ValueNR (where “ARFCN”stands for “absolute radio-frequency channel number”) and is anidentifier/code that specifies a pair of physical radio channel used fortransmission and reception. The downlink PRS bandwidth may have agranularity of four PRBs, with a minimum of 24 PRBs and a maximum of 272PRBs. Currently, up to four frequency layers have been defined, and upto two PRS resource sets may be configured per TRP per frequency layer.

The concept of a frequency layer is somewhat like the concept ofcomponent carriers and bandwidth parts (BWPs), but different in thatcomponent carriers and BWPs are used by one base station (or a macrocell base station and a small cell base station) to transmit datachannels, while frequency layers are used by several (usually three ormore) base stations to transmit PRS. A UE may indicate the number offrequency layers it can support when it sends the network itspositioning capabilities, such as during an LTE positioning protocol(LPP) session. For example, a UE may indicate whether it can support oneor four positioning frequency layers.

FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various channels within a downlinkslot of a radio frame. In NR, the channel bandwidth, or systembandwidth, is divided into multiple BWPs. A BWP is a contiguous set ofPRBs selected from a contiguous subset of the common RBs for a givennumerology on a given carrier. Generally, a maximum of four BWPs can bespecified in the downlink and uplink. That is, a UE can be configuredwith up to four BWPs on the downlink, and up to four BWPs on the uplink.Only one BWP (uplink or downlink) may be active at a given time, meaningthe UE may only receive or transmit over one BWP at a time. On thedownlink, the bandwidth of each BWP should be equal to or greater thanthe bandwidth of the SSB, but it may or may not contain the SSB.

Referring to FIG. 4B, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) is used bya UE to determine subframe/symbol timing and a physical layer identity.A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) is used by a UE to determine aphysical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Basedon the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identitygroup number, the UE can determine a PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE candetermine the locations of the aforementioned DL-RS. The physicalbroadcast channel (PBCH), which carries an MIB, may be logically groupedwith the PSS and SSS to form an SSB (also referred to as an SS/PBCH).The MIB provides a number of RBs in the downlink system bandwidth and asystem frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted throughthe PBCH, such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries downlink controlinformation (DCI) within one or more control channel elements (CCEs),each CCE including one or more RE group (REG) bundles (which may spanmultiple symbols in the time domain), each REG bundle including one ormore REGs, each REG corresponding to 12 resource elements (one resourceblock) in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain.The set of physical resources used to carry the PDCCH/DCI is referred toin NR as the control resource set (CORESET). In NR, a PDCCH is confinedto a single CORESET and is transmitted with its own DMRS. This enablesUE-specific beamforming for the PDCCH.

In the example of FIG. 4B, there is one CORESET per BWP, and the CORESETspans three symbols (although it could be only one or two symbols) inthe time domain. Unlike LTE control channels, which occupy the entiresystem bandwidth, in NR, PDCCH channels are localized to a specificregion in the frequency domain (i.e., a CORESET). Thus, the frequencycomponent of the PDCCH shown in FIG. 4B is illustrated as less than asingle BWP in the frequency domain. Note that although the illustratedCORESET is contiguous in the frequency domain, it need not be. Inaddition, the CORESET may span less than three symbols in the timedomain.

The DCI within the PDCCH carries information about uplink resourceallocation (persistent and non-persistent) and descriptions aboutdownlink data transmitted to the UE. Multiple (e.g., up to eight) DCIscan be configured in the PDCCH, and these DCIs can have one of multipleformats. For example, there are different DCI formats for uplinkscheduling, for non-MIMO downlink scheduling, for MIMO downlinkscheduling, and for uplink power control. A PDCCH may be transported by1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs in order to accommodate different DCI payloadsizes or coding rates.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating how the parameters of a measurement gapconfiguration 500 specify a pattern of measurement gaps 502, accordingto aspects of the disclosure. The measurement gap offset (MGO) is theoffset of the start of the gap pattern from the start of a slot orsubframe within the measurement gap repetition period (MGRP). There arecurrently about 160 offset values, but not all of the values areapplicable for all periodicities. More specifically, the offset has avalue in the range from ‘0’ to one less than the MGRP. Thus, forexample, if the MGRP is 20 ms, then the offset can range from ‘0’ to‘19.’ The measurement gap length (MGL) is the length of the measurementgap in milliseconds. The measurement gap length can have a value of 1.5ms, 3 ms, 3.5 ms, 4 ms, 5.5 ms, or 6 ms. The MGRP defines theperiodicity (in milliseconds) at which the measurement gap 502 repeats.It can have a value of 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, or 160 ms. Although notshown in FIG. 5, a measurement gap configuration 500 may also include ameasurement gap timing advance (MGTA) parameter. If configured, the MGTAindicates the amount of time before the occurrence of the slot orsubframe in which the measurement gap is 502 configured to begin.Currently, the MGTA can be 0.25 ms for FR2 or 0.5 ms for FR1.

This is currently a discussion to introduce additional MG patterns withMGL ≥10 ms and MGRP ≥80 ms. It is not yet decided whether the new MGpatterns will or will not be applicable for RRM measurement, and detailsof the new MG patterns are not yet specified. Candidate values for MGLinclude 10 ms, 18 ms, 20 ms, 34 ms, 40 ms, and 50 ms. Candidate valuesfor MGRP include 80 ms, 160 ms, 320 ms, and 640 ms. The values forcombinations of MGL and MGRP are not yet specified, but combinationsunder discussion include MGL=40 ms and MGRP=160 ms, MGL=34 ms andMGRP=160 ms, and MGL=18 ms and MGRP=160 ms.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating positioning reference signals 600,labeled PRS₁ through PRS_(N), which are transmitted within a PRSoccasion 602 within a measurement gap 502. PRS₁ is associated with onetransmission/reception point (TRP), PRS₂ is associated with another TRP,and so on. In FIG. 6, each PRS is repeated four times and thetransmission of the next PRS immediately follows in the time domain,e.g., the PRSs are “tightly packed” in the time domain. Each TRP can usethe same beam pattern or different beam patterns for each repetition. InFIG. 6, PRSs are transmitted for the entire duration of the PRS occasion602, and the PRS occasion 602 occupies only a portion of the measurementgap 502, but other configurations are also contemplated by the presentdisclosure. Up to 256 TRPs can be configured via assistance data, whichmeans that a UE may need a longer measurement gap to measure the PRSsfrom all of them. These longer gaps are needed in a period manner fortracking use cases, and a longer gap will have an impact on NRthroughput. In Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) release 17(Rel17), there is a provision to use the tracking reference signal(TRS), which is a NR signal used for tracking, as a positioning signal.An example TRS configuration is shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating tracking reference signals 700, labeledTRS₁ through TRS₄, which are transmitted within a TRS occasion 702within a measurement gap 502. TRS₁ is associated with onetransmission/reception point (TRP), TRS₂ is associated with another TRP,and so on. FIG. 7 shows TRSs from four different cells, but othernumbers of cells are also contemplated. TRSs can be used in a standalonefashion or jointly with a PRS. For a given slot, each TRS occupies fourOFDM symbols, although different frequency offsets can be used across asymbol to make the TRS look like a 4-symbol comb-4 signal. TRSs fromdifferent cells will not be closely packed together, and each cell willhave a different TRS offset. In FIG. 7, each TRS is repeated four timesand the transmission of the next TRS does not immediately follow in thetime domain, e.g., the TRSs are “sparsely packed” in the time domain. AUE will need a long measurement gap to measure the long TRS occasion702.

Thus, one technical challenge for UEs operating in networks that supportmany PRSs or TRSs is that the corresponding PRS or TRS occasion must belong enough to cover that duration of time, which requires a measurementgap that is at least as that long. A long measurement gap, however,reduces NR throughput and increases power consumption by the UE.

To address these technical challenges, the following solution ispresented—namely, to allow the configuration of multiple measurement gap(MG) configurations for each tracking session, and provide a mechanismby which a UE can dynamically change the size and/or location of themeasurement gap. In some aspects, the size and/or location of themeasurement gap may be set based on the characteristics of the PRS orTRS signals as measured by the UE. For example, the UE may narrow ameasurement gap in order to focus on a few PRS and/or TRS signals thathave high quality. Having a narrower measurement gap reduces the timethat the UE must spend monitoring PRSs, which can result in lower powerconsumption and longer battery life for the UE, as well as allowing moretime for data transmission, which increases throughput. For on-demandPRS, this solution can be used to improve the PRS overhead, e.g., byreducing the number of PRSs that the UE needs to decode in trackingmode. Another advantage is that the location server/gNB can stopscheduling PRSs outside of the requested MG, which will improve theoverall system throughput. Yet another advantage is that when a basestation provides the multiple MG configurations to a UE, those MGconfigurations may be broadcast or groupcast.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of multiple measurement gaps according tosome aspects. (It may be described as configuring multiple measurementgaps, or it may be described as having a configuration with multiplemeasurement gaps.) FIG. 8 shows a PRS/TRS occasion 800 containing anumber of PRSs and/or TRSs, and four measurement gaps, labeled MG1, MG2,MG3, and MG4. Each measurement gap has a different combination of MGLand MGO values. Some MGs, such as MG1 and MG2, may have the same MGOvalue but different MGL values. Other MGS, such as MG2 and MG3, may havethe same MGL value but different MGO values. In the example shown inFIG. 8, MG1 covers the entire PRS/TRS occasion 800 and more; MG2 coversPRS1 through PRS3, MG3 covers PRS6 through PRS8, and MG3 covers PRS3through PRS 6. In some aspects, an MG may be associated with a referencecell for measurement reporting. For example, when MG1 is being used, theUE may send measurement reports to the cell associated with PRS1, butwhen MG3 is being used, PRS1 is not within the measurement gap, so theUE may send measurement reports to the cell associated with PRS8. FIG. 8is illustrative and not limiting: therefore, the number, length, andoffset of the various measurement gaps may vary and still remain withinthe scope of the concepts herein presented.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are signal messaging diagrams showing portions of anexemplary method 900 of wireless communication according to variousaspects. FIGS. 9A and 9B show an interaction between a UE 302, a basestation 304, and a network entity (NE) 306. In some aspects, the NE 306may be an entity on a core network (such as, for example, core network170), and in some aspects may be or include a location server 172.

In FIG. 9A, at 902, the UE 302, BS 304, and NE 306 start a positioningsession, and at 904, the NE 306 provides the UE 302 with a PRSconfiguration. Optionally, at 906, the UE 302 is provided with multiplemeasurement gap (MG) configurations, labeled MG1, MG2, MG3, and so on.For the purposes of illustration, the measurement gap configurationsMG1, MG2, MG3, and MG4 from FIG. 8 will be used. Although for simplicityof explanation the example illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B refers toPRSs, the same concepts may be applied to TRSs or to a combination ofPRSs and TRSs. In some aspects, the multiple MG configurations may bebroadcast or groupcast to multiple UEs.

At 908, the UE 302 sends, to the BS 304, a measurement gap request touse MG1, e.g., the UE 302 requests to use a measurement gap that spansall of the PRSs in the PRS occasion. At 910, the BS 304 sends an MGresponse indicating that the UE 302 should use MG1. In this exchange,the BS 304 lets the UE 302 use the requested MG configuration, but thatis not always the case. At 912, the UE 302 measures PRS₁ through PRS₈,and at 914, the UE 302 determines that PRS₁ through PRS₃ have a goodsignal and that PRS₄ through PRS8 have a bad signal (or the UE 302determines that PRS₁ through PRS₃ have a better signal than the otherPRSs).

At 916, the UE 302 sends a measurement gap request to use MG2, e.g., theUE 302 requests to use a measurement gap that spans PRS₁ through PRS₃and does not span PRS₄ through PRS₈. At 918, the BS 304 sends an MGresponse indicating that the UE 302 should use MG2. Starting at 920, theUE 302 measures PRS₁ through PRS₃ and does not measure PRS₄ throughPRS₈. By measuring a subset of PRSs less that all of the PRSs in the PRSoccasion, the UE 302 may reduce its power consumption and/or improve itsthroughput. The UE 302 continues using MG2 for as long as it is valid,e.g., until MG2 expires.

At 922, MG2 expires. MG2 may expire after a set duration of time haspassed, after a threshold number of PRS measurements has been made, inresponse to some other trigger condition, or some combination of theabove. In some aspects, when MG2 expires, the UE 302 returns to adefault measurement gap configuration, such as MG1. Thus, in FIG. 9A, at924, the UE 302 sends the BS 304 an MG request to use MG1, and at 926,the BS 304 grants that request. Starting from 928, the UE 302 againmeasures all of the PRSs in the PRS occasion, i.e., PRS₁ through PRS₈.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 9A, each MG may be associated with atimer that determines when to stop using that MG. In some aspects, adefault MG may be associated with a timer that determines when to startor restart using the default MG, regardless of how long anothermeasurement gap configuration has been active. In some aspects, this maybe a periodic timer, may be triggered by some trigger event, orcombinations thereof.

In FIG. 9B, at 930, the UE 302 determines that PRS₇ and PRS₈ have abetter signal than the other PRSs (or have a signal while the other PRSshave no signal), and so at 932, the UE 302 sends the BS 304 an MGrequest to use MG3, i.e., the UE 302 will use a measurement gap thatspans PRS₇ through PRS9 and does not span PRS₁ through PRS₆. At 934, theBS 304 responds with an indication that the UE 302 should use MG4, notMG3 as requested. Starting at 936, and continuing until MG4 expires, theUE 302 measures PRS₄ through PRS₆. FIG. 9B illustrates the point thatthe UE 302 may not always get the MG configuration that it requested.

Moreover, there may be times when the UE 302 finds that none of theavailable PRS signals are of acceptable signal quality. For example, at938, the UE 302 finds no good PRS signal. In some aspects, the UE 302may determine that it is not using the MG configuration having the bestchance at detecting a good PRS, e.g., having the widest measuring gap orcovering the largest number of PRSs, in which case at 940, the UE 302may optionally negotiate with the base station 304 to change to the MGconfiguration having the best chance of detecting a good PRS, e.g., MGOin this example. At 942, the UE 302 may optionally measure again withthe changed MG configuration. In the example in FIG. 9B, the UE 302still does not find a PRS signal of acceptable signal quality. Thus, at944, the UE 302 may request a new set of MG configurations, and at 946,the BS 304 provides the UE 302 with a new set of MG configurations,i.e., at least one of the MG configurations in the new set is differentfrom the configurations in the old set. In the example shown in FIG. 9B,the new MG configuration defines five new MGs, MG5 through MG9. In someaspects, the new MG configurations may be broadcast or groupcast tomultiple UEs, e.g., to other UEs in the same area or that are alsofailing to find an acceptable PRS using their current MG configuration.At 948, the UE 302 sends the BS 304 an MG request to use one of the MGs,e.g., MG5, which may be the MG with the widest span, and at 950, the BS304 approves this request. In the example illustrated in FIG. 9B, MG5spans a new set of PRSs, e.g., PRS9 through PRS16. Alternatively, thenew MG configuration may define different MGs that span different groupsof existing PRSs rather than a new set of PRSs, or that span a mix ofpreviously used PRSs and new PRSs. At 952, the UE 302 measures PRS9through PRS16.

There are a number of metrics that the UE 302 may use to identify a goodPRS. For example, a good PRS or TRS may be identified based on signalstrength (e.g., RSRP, RSRP, SINR, etc.), based on the quality of thetiming measurement of the PRS or TRS, and/or based on a dilution ofprecision (DOP) metric. For example, if a UE 302 measures only a subsetof PRSs or TRSs that are geographically collocated or that otherwise donot provide sufficiently geographically disparate signals and thusreduce the precision of the location calculation, then the UE 302 mayopt to not limit itself to measuring only that subset out of a concernthat doing so would dilute the precision of this positioning activities.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are flowcharts showing portions of an exampleprocess 1000 associated with dynamic configuration of measurement gapsaccording to aspects of the disclosure. In some implementations, one ormore process blocks of FIGS. 10A and 10B may be performed by a userequipment (UE) (e.g., UE 104). In some implementations, one or moreprocess blocks of FIGS. 10A and 10B may be performed by another deviceor a group of devices separate from or including the UE. Additionally,or alternatively, one or more process blocks of FIGS. 10A and 10B may beperformed by one or more components of UE 302, such as processor(s) 332,memory 340, WWAN transceiver(s) 310, short-range wireless transceiver(s)320, satellite signal receiver 330, sensor(s) 344, user interface 346,and positioning component(s) 342, any or all of which may be means forperforming the operations of process 1000.

As shown in FIG. 10A, process 1000 may include determining a pluralityof measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration definingone or more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and ameasurement gap offset (MGO) (block 1002). Means for performing theoperation of block 1002 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, orWWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, in some aspects,determining the plurality of MG configurations comprises receiving theplurality of MG configurations from a base station, from a core networkentity, such as an LMS or LMF, etc., via the receiver(s) 312. In someaspects, determining the plurality of MG configurations comprisesreceiving the plurality of MG configurations via RRC signaling.

As further shown in FIG. 10A, process 1000 may include sending, to aserving base station, a first request to use a first MG configurationfrom the plurality of MG configurations (block 1004). Means forperforming the operation of block 1004 may include the processor(s) 332,memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, theUE 302 may send the first request using the transmitter(s) 314.

As further shown in FIG. 10A, process 1000 may include receiving, fromthe serving base station or from a core network entity, such as an LMSor LMF, a response to the first request (block 1006). Means forperforming the operation of block 1006 may include the processor(s) 332,memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, theUE 302 may receive the response to the first request, using thereceiver(s) 312. The response to the request will indicate the MGconfiguration that the UE should use. In some aspects, the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the first request is the sameas the first MG configuration or different from the first MGconfiguration. That is, the MG configuration that the UE should use mayor may not be the MG configuration that the UE requested

As further shown in FIG. 10A, process 1000 may include measuring a firstset of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by theresponse to the first request (block 1008). Means for performing theoperation of block 1008 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, orWWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE may measurethe first set of positioning signals using the receiver(s) 312.

As further shown in FIG. 10A, process 1000 may include selecting, basedon measurements of the first set of positioning signals, a second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations (block 1010).Means for performing the operation of block 1010 may include theprocessor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302.For example, the UE 302 may select, based on measurements of the firstset of positioning signals made by the receiver(s) 312, a second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations stored in memory340, using processor(s) 332.

In some aspects, selecting the second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the measurements of the firstset of positioning signals comprises identifying, from the first set ofpositioning signals, a first subset of positioning signals based on aquality metric, and selecting the second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the first subset of positioningsignals. In some aspects, the quality metric comprises a referencesignal received power (RSRP) value, a reference signal received quality(RSRQ) value, a signal to interference plus noise (SINR) value, aquality of a timing measurement, a dilution of precision metric, orvarious combinations thereof.

In some aspects, the first subset of positioning signals satisfy aquality metric, and selecting the second MG configuration based on thefirst subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having an MG that includes the first subset of positioningsignals. In some aspects, selecting the MG configuration having the MGthat includes the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having the smallest MG that includes thefirst subset of positioning signals.

In some aspects, the first subset of positioning signals fail to satisfya quality metric, and selecting the second MG configuration based on thefirst subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having an MG that excludes the first subset of positioningsignals. In some aspects, selecting the MG configuration having the MGthat excludes the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having the largest MG that excludes thefirst subset of positioning signals.

As further shown in FIG. 10A, process 1000 may include sending, to theserving base station, a second request to use the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations (block 1012).Means for performing the operation of block 1012 may include theprocessor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302.For example, the UE may send the second request using the transmitter(s)314. In some aspects, the second MG configuration indicates a referencecell for measurement reporting, and the method further comprises sendinga measurement report to the reference cell indicated by the second MGconfiguration. In the example shown in FIG. 8, when MG configuration MG4is selected, the UE may send measurement reports to the cell associatedwith PRS4 instead of to the default cell, which in this example is thecell associated with PRS1.

As further shown in FIG. 10A, process 1000 may include receiving, fromthe serving base station, a response to the second request (block 1014).Means for performing the operation of block 1014 may include theprocessor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302.For example, the UE 302 may receive the response to the second requestusing the receiver(s) 312. In some aspects, the MG configurationindicated by the response to the second request is the same as thesecond MG configuration or different from the second MG configuration.That is the MG configuration to be used by the UE may or may not be thesecond MG configuration that the UE requested.

As further shown in FIG. 10A, process 1000 may include measuring asecond set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the second request (block 1016). Means for performingthe operation of block 1016 may include the processor(s) 332, memory340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE 302may measure the second set of positioning signals using the receiver(s)312.

In some aspects, at least one positioning signal within at least one ofthe first set of positioning signals or the second set of positioningsignals comprises a positioning reference signal (PRS) or a trackingreference signal (TRS).

As shown in FIG. 10B, in some aspects, process 1000 may further includedetecting a first trigger condition (block 1018). Means for performingthe operation of block 1018 may include the processor(s) 332, memory340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example the UE 302may detect an internal trigger condition using the processor(s) 332, ormay detect an external trigger condition using the receiver(s) 312. Insome aspects, detecting the first trigger condition comprises detectingthat a time limit for using the second MG configuration has expired,detecting that a threshold number of measurements using the second MGconfiguration has been satisfied, or receiving an instruction to stopusing the second MG configuration.

As further shown in FIG. 10B, process 1000 may further include sending,to the serving base station, a request to use a default MG configurationfrom the plurality of MG configurations, the default MG configurationdefining a default MG (block 1020). Means for performing the operationof block 1020 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWANtransceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE may send therequest using the transmitter(s) 314.

As further shown in FIG. 10B, process 1000 may further includereceiving, from the serving base station, a response to the request touse the default MG configuration (block 1022). Means for performing theoperation of block 1022 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, orWWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE 302 mayreceive the response using the receiver(s) 312.

As further shown in FIG. 10B, process 1000 may further include measuringa third set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicatedby the response to the request to use the default MG configuration(block 1024). Means for performing the operation of block 1024 mayinclude the processor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 ofthe UE 302. For example, the UE 302 may measure the third set ofpositioning signals using the receiver(s) 312. In some aspects, thedefault MG configuration comprises the first MG configuration, thedefault MG comprises the first MG, and the third set of positioningsignals comprises the first set of positioning signals.

The process of identifying a subset of positioning signals, selecting anMG that covers just those positioning signals, and using that MG untilinstructed to return to a default MG, may be repeated indefinitely,e.g., by returning to point A in the flowchart in FIG. 10A.

Process 1000 may include additional implementations, such as any singleimplementation or any combination of implementations described belowand/or in connection with one or more other processes describedelsewhere herein. Although FIG. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000,in some implementations, process 1000 may include additional blocks,fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks thanthose depicted in FIG. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or moreof the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, and FIG. 11C are flowcharts showing portions of anexample process 1100 associated with dynamic configuration ofmeasurement gaps according to aspects of the disclosure. In someimplementations, one or more process blocks of FIGS. 11A through 11C maybe performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104). In some implementations, one ormore process blocks of FIGS. 11A through 11C may be performed by anotherdevice or a group of devices separate from or including the UE.Additionally, or alternatively, one or more process blocks of FIGS. 11Athrough 11C may be performed by one or more components of UE 302, suchas processor(s) 332, memory 340, WWAN transceiver(s) 310, short-rangewireless transceiver(s) 320, satellite signal receiver 330, sensor(s)344, user interface 346, and positioning component(s) 342, any or all ofwhich may be means for performing the operations of process 1100.

As shown in FIG. 11A, process 1100 may include determining a pluralityof measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration definingone or more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and ameasurement gap offset (MGO) and indicating a reference cell formeasurement reporting (block 1102). Means for performing the operationof block 1102 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWANtransceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, in some aspects,determining the plurality of MG configurations comprises receiving theplurality of MG configurations from a base station, from a core networkentity, such as an LMS or LMF, etc., via the receiver(s) 312. In someaspects, determining the plurality of MG configurations comprisesreceiving the plurality of MG configurations via RRC signaling.

As further shown in FIG. 11A, process 1100 may include measuring a firstset of positioning signals using one MG configuration from the pluralityof MG configurations (block 1104). Means for performing the operation ofblock 1104 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWANtransceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE 302 may measurethe first set of positioning signals using the receiver(s) 312.

As further shown in FIG. 11A, process 1100 may include reporting themeasurement to the reference cell for measurement reporting indicated bythe one MG configuration (block 1106). Means for performing theoperation of block 1106 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, orWWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE 302 mayreport the measurement using the transmitter(s) 314.

As shown in FIG. 11B, in some aspects, process 1100 may further includesending, to a serving base station, a second request to use a second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations (block 1108).Means for performing the operation of block 1108 may include theprocessor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302.For example, the UE 302 may send the second request using thetransmitter(s) 314.

In some aspects, sending the second request comprises selecting thesecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations based onmeasurements of the first set of positioning signals.

In some aspects, selecting the second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the measurements of the firstset of positioning signals comprises identifying, from the first set ofpositioning signals, a first subset of positioning signals based on aquality metric, and selecting the second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the first subset of positioningsignals.

In some aspects, the quality metric comprises a reference signalreceived power (RSRP) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ)value, a signal to interference plus noise (SINR) value, a quality of atiming measurement, a dilution of precision metric, or variouscombinations thereof.

In some aspects, the first subset of positioning signals satisfy aquality metric and wherein selecting the second MG configuration basedon the first subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having an MG that includes the first subset of positioningsignals.

In some aspects, selecting the MG configuration having the MG thatincludes the first subset of positioning signals comprises selecting anMG configuration having the smallest MG that includes the first subsetof positioning signals.

In some aspects, the first subset of positioning signals fail to satisfya quality metric and wherein selecting the second MG configuration basedon the first subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having an MG that excludes the first subset of positioningsignals.

In some aspects, selecting the MG configuration having the MG thatexcludes the first subset of positioning signals comprises selecting anMG configuration having the largest MG that excludes the first subset ofpositioning signals.

As further shown in FIG. 11B, process 1100 may include receiving, fromthe serving base station, a response to the second request (block 1110).Means for performing the operation of block 1110 may include theprocessor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302.For example, the UE 302 may receive the response to the second requestusing the receiver(s) 312.

As further shown in FIG. 11B, process 1100 may include measuring asecond set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the second request (block 1112). Means for performingthe operation of block 1112 may include the processor(s) 332, memory340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE 302may measure the second set of positioning signals using the receiver(s)312.

As further shown in FIG. 11B, process 1100 may include reporting themeasurement to the reference cell for measurement reporting indicated bythe MG configuration indicated by the response to the second request(block 1114). Means for performing the operation of block 1114 mayinclude the processor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 ofthe UE 302. For example, the UE 302 may report the measurement using thetransmitter(s) 314.

In some aspects, one MG configuration of the plurality of MGconfigurations is identified as a default MG configuration.

As shown in FIG. 11C, in some aspects, process 1100 may further includedetecting a first trigger condition (block 1116). Means for performingthe operation of block 1116 may include the processor(s) 332, memory340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example the UE 302may detect an internal trigger condition using the processor(s) 332, ormay detect an external trigger condition using the receiver(s) 312. Insome aspects, detecting the first trigger condition comprises detectingthat a time limit for using the second MG configuration has expired,detecting that a threshold number of measurements using the second MGconfiguration has been satisfied, or receiving an instruction to stopusing the second MG configuration.

As further shown in FIG. 11C, process 1100 may further include sending,to the serving base station, a request to use a default MG configurationfrom the plurality of MG configurations, the default MG configurationdefining a default MG (block 1118). Means for performing the operationof block 1118 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWANtransceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE may send therequest using the transmitter(s) 314.

As further shown in FIG. 11C, process 1100 may further includereceiving, from the serving base station, a response to the request touse the default MG configuration (block 1120). Means for performing theoperation of block 1120 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, orWWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE 302 mayreceive the response using the receiver(s) 312.

As further shown in FIG. 11C, process 1100 may further include measuringa third set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicatedby the response to the request to use the default MG configuration(block 1122). Means for performing the operation of block 1122 mayinclude the processor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 ofthe UE 302. For example, the UE 302 may measure the third set ofpositioning signals using the receiver(s) 312. In some aspects, thedefault MG configuration comprises the first MG configuration, thedefault MG comprises the first MG, and the third set of positioningsignals comprises the first set of positioning signals.

Process 1100 may include additional implementations, such as any singleimplementation or any combination of implementations described belowand/or in connection with one or more other processes describedelsewhere herein. Although FIG. 11 shows example blocks of process 1100,in some implementations, process 1100 may include additional blocks,fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks thanthose depicted in FIG. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or moreof the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of an example process 1200 associated withdynamic configuration of measurement gaps according to aspects of thedisclosure. In some implementations, one or more process blocks of FIG.12 may be performed by a user equipment (UE) (e.g., UE 104). In someimplementations, one or more process blocks of FIG. 12 may be performedby another device or a group of devices separate from or including theUE. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more process blocks of FIG.12 may be performed by one or more components of UE 302, such asprocessor(s) 332, memory 340, WWAN transceiver(s) 310, short-rangewireless transceiver(s) 320, satellite signal receiver 330, sensor(s)344, user interface 346, and positioning component(s) 342, any or all ofwhich may be means for performing the operations of process 1200.

As shown in FIG. 12, process 1200 may include determining a plurality ofMG configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, eachMG having an MGL and an MGO, and optionally, indicating a reference cellfor measurement reporting (block 1202). Means for performing theoperation of block 1202 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, orWWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, in some aspects,determining the plurality of MG configurations comprises receiving theplurality of MG configurations from a base station, from a core networkentity, such as an LMS or LMF, etc., via the receiver(s) 312. In someaspects, determining the plurality of MG configurations comprisesreceiving the plurality of MG configurations via RRC signaling.

As further shown in FIG. 12, process 1200 may include sending, to aserving base station, a first request to use a first MG configurationfrom the plurality of MG configurations (block 1204). Means forperforming the operation of block 1204 may include the processor(s) 332,memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, theUE 302 may send the first request using the transmitter(s) 314.

As further shown in FIG. 12, process 1200 may include receiving, fromthe serving base station, a response to the first request (block 1206).Means for performing the operation of block 1206 may include theprocessor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302.For example, the UE 302 may receive the response to the first requestusing the receiver(s) 312.

As further shown in FIG. 12, process 1200 may include measuring a firstset of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by theresponse to the first request (block 1208). Means for performing theoperation of block 1208 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, orWWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE 302 maymeasure the first set of positioning signals using the receiver(s) 312.

As further shown in FIG. 12, process 1200 may include sending, to theserving base station, a request to receive an updated plurality of MGconfigurations (block 1210). Means for performing the operation of block1210 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWANtransceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE 302 may send therequest to receive an updated plurality of MG configurations using thetransmitter(s) 314. In some aspects, sending the request to receive theupdated plurality of MG configurations comprises sending the request inresponse to determining that no positioning signal in the first set ofpositioning signals meets a minimum quality standard.

As further shown in FIG. 12, process 1200 may include receiving, fromthe serving base station, the updated plurality of MG configurations,the updated plurality of MG configurations comprising at least one newMG configuration (block 1212). Means for performing the operation ofblock 1212 may include the processor(s) 332, memory 340, or WWANtransceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, the UE 302 may receivethe updated plurality of MG configurations using the receiver(s) 312.

As further shown in FIG. 12, process 1200 may include measuring a secondset of positioning signals using an MG configuration from among theupdated plurality of MG configurations (block 1214). Means forperforming the operation of block 1214 may include the processor(s) 332,memory 340, or WWAN transceiver(s) 310 of the UE 302. For example, theUE 302 may measure the second set of positioning signals using thereceiver(s) 312.

Process 1200 may include additional implementations, such as any singleimplementation or any combination of implementations described belowand/or in connection with one or more other processes describedelsewhere herein.

Although FIG. 12 shows example blocks of process 1200, in someimplementations, process 1200 may include additional blocks, fewerblocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than thosedepicted in FIG. 12. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of theblocks of process 1200 may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of an example process 1300 associated withdynamic configuration of measurement gaps according to aspects of thedisclosure. In some implementations, one or more process blocks of FIG.13 may be performed by a network entity (e.g., a location server 172, anLMF 270, etc.). In some implementations, one or more process blocks ofFIG. 13 may be performed by another device or a group of devicesseparate from or including the network entity. Additionally, oralternatively, one or more process blocks of FIG. 13 may be performed byone or more components of network entity 306, such as processor(s) 394,memory 396, network transceiver(s) 390, and positioning component(s)398, any or all of which may be means for performing the operations ofprocess 1300.

As shown in FIG. 13, process 1300 may include sending, to a userequipment (UE), a plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, eachMG configuration defining an MG having a measurement gap length (MGL)and a measurement gap offset (MGO) (block 1302). Means for performingthe operation of block 1302 may include the processor(s) 394, memory396, or network transceiver(s) 390 of the network entity 306. Forexample, the network entity 306 may send the plurality of measurementgap (MG) configuration using the network transceiver(s) 390. In someaspects, each MG configuration in the plurality of MG configurationsindicates a reference cell for measurement reporting. In some aspects,one MG configuration in the plurality of MG configurations is identifiedas a default MG configuration.

As further shown in FIG. 13, process 1300 may include receiving, fromthe UE, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations (block 1304). Means for performing theoperation of block 1304 may include the processor(s) 394, memory 396, ornetwork transceiver(s) 390 of the network entity 306. For example, thenetwork entity 306 may receive the first request using the networktransceiver(s) 390.

As further shown in FIG. 13, process 1300 may include sending, to theUE, a response to the first request, indicating an MG configuration tobe used by the UE (block 1306). Means for performing the operation ofblock 1306 may include the processor(s) 394, memory 396, or networktransceiver(s) 390 of the network entity 306. For example, the networkentity 306 may send the response to the first request using the networktransceiver(s) 390.

As further shown in FIG. 13, process 1300 may include receiving, fromthe UE, a second request to change at least one MG configuration (block1308). Means for performing the operation of block 1308 may include theprocessor(s) 394, memory 396, or network transceiver(s) 390 of thenetwork entity 306. For example, the network entity 306 may receive thesecond request using the network transceiver(s) 390.

As further shown in FIG. 13, process 1300 may include sending, to theUE, a response to the second request to change to at least one MGconfiguration (block 1310). Means for performing the operation of block1310 may include the processor(s) 394, memory 396, or networktransceiver(s) 390 of the network entity 306. For example, the networkentity 306 may send the response to the second request using the networktransceiver(s) 390.

In some aspects, receiving the second request comprises receiving arequest to use a second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations, and sending the response to the second request comprisessending an indication identifying an MG configuration from the pluralityof MG configurations to be used by the UE. In some aspects, the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request is thesame as the second MG configuration or different from the second MGconfiguration.

In some aspects, receiving the second request comprises receiving arequest to receive an updated plurality of MG configurations, andwherein sending the response to the second request comprises sending theupdated plurality of MG configurations, the updated plurality of MGconfigurations comprising at least one new MG configuration.

In some aspects, the network entity comprises a base station or a corenetwork entity. In some aspects, the network entity comprises a corenetwork entity. In some aspects, the core network entity comprises alocation management server (LMS) or a location management function(LMF).

Process 1300 may include additional implementations, such as any singleimplementation or any combination of implementations described belowand/or in connection with one or more other processes describedelsewhere herein. Although FIG. 13 shows example blocks of process 1300,in some implementations, process 1300 may include additional blocks,fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks thanthose depicted in FIG. 13. Additionally, or alternatively, two or moreof the blocks of process 1300 may be performed in parallel.

In the detailed description above it can be seen that different featuresare grouped together in examples. This manner of disclosure should notbe understood as an intention that the example clauses have morefeatures than are explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, thevarious aspects of the disclosure may include fewer than all features ofan individual example clause disclosed. Therefore, the following clausesshould hereby be deemed to be incorporated in the description, whereineach clause by itself can stand as a separate example. Although eachdependent clause can refer in the clauses to a specific combination withone of the other clauses, the aspect(s) of that dependent clause are notlimited to the specific combination. It will be appreciated that otherexample clauses can also include a combination of the dependent clauseaspect(s) with the subject matter of any other dependent clause orindependent clause or a combination of any feature with other dependentand independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein expresslyinclude these combinations, unless it is explicitly expressed or can bereadily inferred that a specific combination is not intended (e.g.,contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an insulatorand a conductor). Furthermore, it is also intended that aspects of aclause can be included in any other independent clause, even if theclause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.

Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE), the method comprising: determining a plurality ofmeasurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration defining oneor more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and ameasurement gap offset (MGO); sending, to a serving base station, afirst request to use a first MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; receiving, from the serving base station, a response tothe first request; measuring a first set of positioning signals using anMG configuration indicated by the response to the first request;selecting, based on measurements of the first set of positioningsignals, a second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; sending, to the serving base station, a second requestto use the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; receiving, from the serving base station, a response tothe second request; and measuring a second set of positioning signalsusing an MG configuration indicated by the response to the secondrequest.

Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein the second MG configurationindicates a reference cell for measurement reporting and wherein themethod further comprises sending a measurement report to the referencecell indicated by the second MG configuration.

Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1 to 2, wherein determining theplurality of MG configurations comprises receiving the plurality of MGconfigurations from a base station, from a core network entity, from alocation management server (LMS), or from location management function(LMF).

Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein determining theplurality of MG configurations comprises receiving the plurality of MGconfigurations via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the first request is the sameas the first MG configuration or different from the first MGconfiguration.

Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request is thesame as the second MG configuration or different from the second MGconfiguration.

Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 1 to 6, wherein at least onepositioning signal within at least one of the first set of positioningsignals or the second set of positioning signals comprises a positioningreference signal (PRS) or a tracking reference signal (TRS).

Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 1 to 7, wherein selecting thesecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations based onthe measurements of the first set of positioning signals comprises:identifying, from the first set of positioning signals, a first subsetof positioning signals based on a quality metric; and selecting thesecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations based onthe first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 9. The method of clause 8, wherein the quality metric comprises areference signal received power (RSRP) value, a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ) value, a signal to interference plus noise(SINK) value, a quality of a timing measurement, a dilution of precisionmetric, or various combinations thereof.

Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 8 to 9, wherein the first subsetof positioning signals satisfy a quality metric and wherein selectingthe second MG configuration based on the first subset of positioningsignals comprises selecting an MG configuration having an MG thatincludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 11. The method of clause 10, wherein selecting the MGconfiguration having the MG that includes the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having thesmallest MG that includes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 8 to 11, wherein the firstsubset of positioning signals fail to satisfy a quality metric andwherein selecting the second MG configuration based on the first subsetof positioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having anMG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 13. The method of clause 12, wherein selecting the MGconfiguration having the MG that excludes the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having thelargest MG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 1 to 13, further comprising:detecting a first trigger condition; sending, to the serving basestation, a request to use a default MG configuration from the pluralityof MG configurations, the default MG configuration defining a defaultMG; receiving, from the serving base station, a response to the requestto use the default MG configuration; and measuring a third set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the request to use the default MG configuration.

Clause 15. The method of clause 14, wherein detecting the first triggercondition comprises: detecting that a time limit for using the second MGconfiguration has expired; detecting that a threshold number ofmeasurements using the second MG configuration has been satisfied; orreceiving an instruction to stop using the second MG configuration.

Clause 16. The method of any of clauses 14 to 15, wherein the default MGconfiguration comprises the first MG configuration, wherein the defaultMG comprises the first MG, and wherein the third set of positioningsignals comprises the first set of positioning signals.

Clause 17. A method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE), the method comprising: determining a plurality ofmeasurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration defining oneor more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and ameasurement gap offset (MGO) and indicating a reference cell formeasurement reporting; measuring a first set of positioning signalsusing one MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; andreporting the measurement to the reference cell for measurementreporting indicated by the one MG configuration.

Clause 18. The method of clause 17, wherein determining the plurality ofMG configurations comprises receiving the plurality of MG configurationsfrom a base station, from a core network entity, from a locationmanagement server (LMS), or from location management function (LMF).

Clause 19. The method of any of clauses 17 to 18, wherein determiningthe plurality of MG configurations comprises receiving the plurality ofMG configurations via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Clause 20. The method of any of clauses 17 to 19, further comprising:sending, to a serving base station, a second request to use a second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; receiving, fromthe serving base station, a response to the second request; andmeasuring a second set of positioning signals using an MG configurationindicated by the response to the second request; and reporting themeasurement to the reference cell for measurement reporting indicated bythe MG configuration indicated by the response to the second request.

Clause 21. The method of clause 20, wherein sending the second requestcomprises selecting the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations based on measurements of the first set of positioningsignals.

Clause 22. The method of clause 21, wherein selecting the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations based on themeasurements of the first set of positioning signals comprises:identifying, from the first set of positioning signals, a first subsetof positioning signals based on a quality metric; and selecting thesecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations based onthe first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 23. The method of clause 22, wherein the quality metric comprisesa reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ) value, a signal to interference plus noise(SINK) value, a quality of a timing measurement, a dilution of precisionmetric, or various combinations thereof.

Clause 24. The method of any of clauses 22 to 23, wherein the firstsubset of positioning signals satisfy a quality metric and whereinselecting the second MG configuration based on the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having an MGthat includes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 25. The method of clause 24, wherein selecting the MGconfiguration having the MG that includes the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having thesmallest MG that includes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 26. The method of any of clauses 22 to 25, wherein the firstsubset of positioning signals fail to satisfy a quality metric andwherein selecting the second MG configuration based on the first subsetof positioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having anMG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 27. The method of clause 26, wherein selecting the MGconfiguration having the MG that excludes the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having thelargest MG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 28. The method of any of clauses 20 to 27, wherein one MGconfiguration of the plurality of MG configurations is identified as adefault MG configuration.

Clause 29. The method of clause 28, further comprising: detecting afirst trigger condition; sending, to the serving base station, a requestto use the default MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations, the default MG configuration defining a default MG;receiving, from the serving base station, a response to the request touse the default MG configuration; and measuring a third set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the request to use the default MG configuration.

Clause 30. The method of clause 29, wherein detecting the first triggercondition comprises: detecting that a time limit for using the second MGconfiguration has expired; detecting that a threshold number ofmeasurements using the second MG configuration has been satisfied; orreceiving an instruction to stop using the second MG configuration.

Clause 31. A method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE), the method comprising: determining a plurality ofmeasurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration defining oneor more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and ameasurement gap offset (MGO); sending, to a serving base station, afirst request to use a first MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; receiving, from the serving base station, a response tothe first request; measuring a first set of positioning signals using anMG configuration indicated by the response to the first request;sending, to the serving base station, a request to receive an updatedplurality of MG configurations; receiving, from the serving basestation, the updated plurality of MG configurations, the updatedplurality of MG configurations comprising at least one new MGconfiguration; and measuring a second set of positioning signals usingan MG configuration from among the updated plurality of MGconfigurations.

Clause 32. The method of clause 31, wherein sending the request toreceive the updated plurality of MG configurations comprises sending therequest in response to determining that no positioning signal in thefirst set of positioning signals meets a minimum quality standard.

Clause 33. A method of wireless communication performed by a networkentity, the method comprising: sending, to a user equipment (UE), aplurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configurationdefining an MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurementgap offset (MGO); receiving, from the UE, a first request to use a firstMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; sending, tothe UE, a response to the first request, the response indicating an MGconfiguration to be used by the UE; receiving, from the UE, a secondrequest to change at least one MG configuration; and sending, to the UE,a response to the second request to change at least one MGconfiguration.

Clause 34. The method of clause 33, wherein each MG configuration in theplurality of MG configurations indicates a reference cell formeasurement reporting.

Clause 35. The method of any of clauses 33 to 34, wherein one MGconfiguration in the plurality of MG configurations is identified as adefault MG configuration.

Clause 36. The method of any of clauses 33 to 35, wherein receiving thesecond request comprises receiving a request to use a second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations, and whereinsending the response to the second request comprises sending anindication identifying an MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations to be used by the UE.

Clause 37. The method of clause 36, wherein the MG configurationindicated by the response to the second request is the same as thesecond MG configuration or different from the second MG configuration.

Clause 38. The method of any of clauses 33 to 37, wherein receiving thesecond request comprises receiving a request to receive an updatedplurality of MG configurations, and wherein sending the response to thesecond request comprises sending the updated plurality of MGconfigurations, the updated plurality of MG configurations comprising atleast one new MG configuration.

Clause 39. The method of any of clauses 33 to 38, wherein the responseto the second request to change at least one MG configuration indicatesthat no MG configuration is changed.

Clause 40. The method of any of clauses 33 to 39, wherein the networkentity comprises a base station or a core network entity.

Clause 41. The method of any of clauses 33 to 40, wherein the networkentity comprises a core network entity.

Clause 42. The method of clause 41, wherein the core network entitycomprises a location management server (LMS) or a location managementfunction (LMF).

Clause 43. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); send, via the at least one transceiver, to a serving basestation, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; receive, via the at least onetransceiver, from the serving base station, a response to the firstrequest; measure a first set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the first request; select,based on measurements of the first set of positioning signals, a secondMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; send, via theat least one transceiver, to the serving base station, a second requestto use the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; receive, via the at least one transceiver, from theserving base station, a response to the second request; and measure asecond set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the second request.

Clause 44. The UE of clause 43, wherein the second MG configurationindicates a reference cell for measurement reporting and wherein themethod further comprises sending a measurement report to the referencecell indicated by the second MG configuration.

Clause 45. The UE of any of clauses 43 to 44, wherein, to determine theplurality of MG configurations, the at least one processor is configuredto receive the plurality of MG configurations from a base station, froma core network entity, from a location management server (LMS), or fromlocation management function (LMF).

Clause 46. The UE of any of clauses 43 to 45, wherein, to determine theplurality of MG configurations, the at least one processor is configuredto receive the plurality of MG configurations via radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Clause 47. The UE of any of clauses 43 to 46, wherein the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the first request is the sameas the first MG configuration or different from the first MGconfiguration.

Clause 48. The UE of any of clauses 43 to 47, wherein the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request is thesame as the second MG configuration or different from the second MGconfiguration.

Clause 49. The UE of any of clauses 43 to 48, wherein at least onepositioning signal within at least one of the first set of positioningsignals or the second set of positioning signals comprises a positioningreference signal (PRS) or a tracking reference signal (TRS).

Clause 50. The UE of any of clauses 43 to 49, wherein, to select thesecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations based onthe measurements of the first set of positioning signals, the at leastone processor is configured to: identify, from the first set ofpositioning signals, a first subset of positioning signals based on aquality metric; and select the second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the first subset of positioningsignals.

Clause 51. The UE of clause 50, wherein the quality metric comprises areference signal received power (RSRP) value, a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ) value, a signal to interference plus noise(SINR) value, a quality of a timing measurement, a dilution of precisionmetric, or various combinations thereof.

Clause 52. The UE of any of clauses 50 to 51, wherein the first subsetof positioning signals satisfy a quality metric and wherein selectingthe second MG configuration based on the first subset of positioningsignals comprises selecting an MG configuration having an MG thatincludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 53. The UE of clause 52, wherein, to select the MG configurationhaving the MG that, the at least one processor is configured to thefirst subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having the smallest MG that includes the first subset ofpositioning signals.

Clause 54. The UE of any of clauses 50 to 53, wherein the first subsetof positioning signals fail to satisfy a quality metric and whereinselecting the second MG configuration based on the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having an MGthat excludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 55. The UE of clause 54, wherein, to select the MG configurationhaving the MG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals, theat least one processor is configured to select an MG configurationhaving the largest MG that excludes the first subset of positioningsignals.

Clause 56. The UE of any of clauses 43 to 55, wherein the at least oneprocessor is further configured to: detect a first trigger condition;send, via the at least one transceiver, to the serving base station, arequest to use a default MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations, the default MG configuration defining a default MG;receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the serving basestation, a response to the request to use the default MG configuration;and measure a third set of positioning signals using an MG configurationindicated by the response to the request to use the default MGconfiguration.

Clause 57. The UE of clause 56, wherein, to detect the first triggercondition, the at least one processor is configured to: detect that atime limit for using the second MG configuration has expired; detectthat a threshold number of measurements using the second MGconfiguration has been satisfied; or receive, via the at least onetransceiver, an instruction to stop using the second MG configuration.

Clause 58. The UE of any of clauses 56 to 57, wherein the default MGconfiguration comprises the first MG configuration, wherein the defaultMG comprises the first MG, and wherein the third set of positioningsignals comprises the first set of positioning signals.

Clause 59. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset (MGO)and indicating a reference cell for measurement reporting; measure afirst set of positioning signals using one MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; and report the measurement to thereference cell for measurement reporting indicated by the one MGconfiguration.

Clause 60. The UE of clause 59, wherein, to determine the plurality ofMG configurations, the at least one processor is configured to receivethe plurality of MG configurations from a base station, from a corenetwork entity, from a location management server (LMS), or fromlocation management function (LMF).

Clause 61. The UE of any of clauses 59 to 60, wherein, to determine theplurality of MG configurations, the at least one processor is configuredto receive the plurality of MG configurations via radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Clause 62. The UE of any of clauses 59 to 61, wherein the at least oneprocessor is further configured to: send, via the at least onetransceiver, to a serving base station, a second request to use a secondMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; receive, viathe at least one transceiver, from the serving base station, a responseto the second request; and measure a second set of positioning signalsusing an MG configuration indicated by the response to the secondrequest; and report the measurement to the reference cell formeasurement reporting indicated by the MG configuration indicated by theresponse to the second request.

Clause 63. The UE of clause 62, wherein, to send the second request, theat least one processor is configured to select the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations based onmeasurements of the first set of positioning signals.

Clause 64. The UE of clause 63, wherein, to select the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations based on themeasurements of the first set of positioning signals, the at least oneprocessor is configured to: identify, from the first set of positioningsignals, a first subset of positioning signals based on a qualitymetric; and select the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations based on the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 65. The UE of clause 64, wherein the quality metric comprises areference signal received power (RSRP) value, a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ) value, a signal to interference plus noise(SINR) value, a quality of a timing measurement, a dilution of precisionmetric, or various combinations thereof.

Clause 66. The UE of any of clauses 64 to 65, wherein the first subsetof positioning signals satisfy a quality metric and wherein selectingthe second MG configuration based on the first subset of positioningsignals comprises selecting an MG configuration having an MG thatincludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 67. The UE of clause 66, wherein, to select the MG configurationhaving the MG that, the at least one processor is configured to thefirst subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having the smallest MG that includes the first subset ofpositioning signals.

Clause 68. The UE of any of clauses 64 to 67, wherein the first subsetof positioning signals fail to satisfy a quality metric and whereinselecting the second MG configuration based on the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having an MGthat excludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 69. The UE of clause 68, wherein, to select the MG configurationhaving the MG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals, theat least one processor is configured to select an MG configurationhaving the largest MG that excludes the first subset of positioningsignals.

Clause 70. The UE of any of clauses 62 to 69, wherein one MGconfiguration of the plurality of MG configurations is identified as adefault MG configuration.

Clause 71. The UE of clause 70, wherein the at least one processor isfurther configured to: detect a first trigger condition; send, via theat least one transceiver, to the serving base station, a request to usethe default MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations,the default MG configuration defining a default MG; receive, via the atleast one transceiver, from the serving base station, a response to therequest to use the default MG configuration; and measure a third set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the request to use the default MG configuration.

Clause 72. The UE of clause 71, wherein, to detect the first triggercondition, the at least one processor is configured to: detect that atime limit for using the second MG configuration has expired; detectthat a threshold number of measurements using the second MGconfiguration has been satisfied; or receive, via the at least onetransceiver, an instruction to stop using the second MG configuration.

Clause 73. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); send, via the at least one transceiver, to a serving basestation, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; receive, via the at least onetransceiver, from the serving base station, a response to the firstrequest; measure a first set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the first request; send, viathe at least one transceiver, to the serving base station, a request toreceive an updated plurality of MG configurations; receive, via the atleast one transceiver, from the serving base station, the updatedplurality of MG configurations, the updated plurality of MGconfigurations comprising at least one new MG configuration; and measurea second set of positioning signals using an MG configuration from amongthe updated plurality of MG configurations.

Clause 74. The UE of clause 73, wherein, to send the request to receivethe updated plurality of MG configurations, the at least one processoris configured to send the request in response to determining that nopositioning signal in the first set of positioning signals meets aminimum quality standard.

Clause 75. A network entity, comprising: a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: send, via the at least one transceiver, to a userequipment (UE), a plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, eachMG configuration defining an MG having a measurement gap length (MGL)and a measurement gap offset (MGO); receive, via the at least onetransceiver, from the UE, a first request to use a first MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; send, via the atleast one transceiver, to the UE, a response to the first request, theresponse indicating an MG configuration to be used by the UE; receive,via the at least one transceiver, from the UE, a second request tochange at least one MG configuration; and send, via the at least onetransceiver, to the UE, a response to the second request to change atleast one MG configuration.

Clause 76. The network entity of clause 75, wherein each MGconfiguration in the plurality of MG configurations indicates areference cell for measurement reporting.

Clause 77. The network entity of any of clauses 75 to 76, wherein one MGconfiguration in the plurality of MG configurations is identified as adefault MG configuration.

Clause 78. The network entity of any of clauses 75 to 77, whereinreceiving the second request comprises receiving a request to use asecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations, andwherein sending the response to the second request comprises sending anindication identifying an MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations to be used by the UE.

Clause 79. The network entity of clause 78, wherein the MG configurationindicated by the response to the second request is the same as thesecond MG configuration or different from the second MG configuration.

Clause 80. The network entity of any of clauses 75 to 79, whereinreceiving the second request comprises receiving a request to receive anupdated plurality of MG configurations, and wherein sending the responseto the second request comprises sending the updated plurality of MGconfigurations, the updated plurality of MG configurations comprising atleast one new MG configuration.

Clause 81. The network entity of any of clauses 75 to 80, wherein theresponse to the second request to change at least one MG configurationindicates that no MG configuration is changed.

Clause 82. The network entity of any of clauses 75 to 81, wherein thenetwork entity comprises a base station or a core network entity.

Clause 83. The network entity of any of clauses 75 to 82, wherein thenetwork entity comprises a core network entity.

Clause 84. The network entity of clause 83, wherein the core networkentity comprises a location management server (LMS) or a locationmanagement function (LMF).

Clause 85. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for determining aplurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL)and a measurement gap offset (MGO); means for sending, to a serving basestation, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; means for receiving, from the servingbase station, a response to the first request; means for measuring afirst set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the first request; means for selecting, based onmeasurements of the first set of positioning signals, a second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; means forsending, to the serving base station, a second request to use the secondMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; means forreceiving, from the serving base station, a response to the secondrequest; and means for measuring a second set of positioning signalsusing an MG configuration indicated by the response to the secondrequest.

Clause 86. The UE of clause 85, wherein the second MG configurationindicates a reference cell for measurement reporting and wherein themethod further comprises sending a measurement report to the referencecell indicated by the second MG configuration.

Clause 87. The UE of any of clauses 85 to 86, wherein the means fordetermining the plurality of MG configurations comprises means forreceiving the plurality of MG configurations from a base station, from acore network entity, from a location management server (LMS), or fromlocation management function (LMF).

Clause 88. The UE of any of clauses 85 to 87, wherein the means fordetermining the plurality of MG configurations comprises means forreceiving the plurality of MG configurations via radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Clause 89. The UE of any of clauses 85 to 88, wherein the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the first request is the sameas the first MG configuration or different from the first MGconfiguration.

Clause 90. The UE of any of clauses 85 to 89, wherein the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request is thesame as the second MG configuration or different from the second MGconfiguration.

Clause 91. The UE of any of clauses 85 to 90, wherein at least onepositioning signal within at least one of the first set of positioningsignals or the second set of positioning signals comprises a positioningreference signal (PRS) or a tracking reference signal (TRS).

Clause 92. The UE of any of clauses 85 to 91, wherein the means forselecting the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations based on the measurements of the first set of positioningsignals comprises: means for identifying, from the first set ofpositioning signals, a first subset of positioning signals based on aquality metric; and means for selecting the second MG configuration fromthe plurality of MG configurations based on the first subset ofpositioning signals.

Clause 93. The UE of clause 92, wherein the quality metric comprises areference signal received power (RSRP) value, a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ) value, a signal to interference plus noise(SINR) value, a quality of a timing measurement, a dilution of precisionmetric, or various combinations thereof.

Clause 94. The UE of any of clauses 92 to 93, wherein the first subsetof positioning signals satisfy a quality metric and wherein selectingthe second MG configuration based on the first subset of positioningsignals comprises selecting an MG configuration having an MG thatincludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 95. The UE of clause 94, wherein the means for selecting the MGconfiguration having the MG that includes means for the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having thesmallest MG that includes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 96. The UE of any of clauses 92 to 95, wherein the first subsetof positioning signals fail to satisfy a quality metric and whereinselecting the second MG configuration based on the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having an MGthat excludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 97. The UE of clause 96, wherein the means for selecting the MGconfiguration having the MG that excludes the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises means for selecting an MG configurationhaving the largest MG that excludes the first subset of positioningsignals.

Clause 98. The UE of any of clauses 85 to 97, further comprising: meansfor detecting a first trigger condition; means for sending, to theserving base station, a request to use a default MG configuration fromthe plurality of MG configurations, the default MG configurationdefining a default MG; means for receiving, from the serving basestation, a response to the request to use the default MG configuration;and means for measuring a third set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the request to use thedefault MG configuration.

Clause 99. The UE of clause 98, wherein the means for detecting thefirst trigger condition comprises: means for detecting that a time limitfor using the second MG configuration has expired; means for detectingthat a threshold number of measurements using the second MGconfiguration has been satisfied; or means for receiving an instructionto stop using the second MG configuration.

Clause 100. The UE of any of clauses 98 to 99, wherein the default MGconfiguration comprises the first MG configuration, wherein the defaultMG comprises the first MG, and wherein the third set of positioningsignals comprises the first set of positioning signals.

Clause 101. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for determining aplurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL)and a measurement gap offset (MGO) and indicating a reference cell formeasurement reporting; means for measuring a first set of positioningsignals using one MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; and means for reporting the measurement to the referencecell for measurement reporting indicated by the one MG configuration.

Clause 102. The UE of clause 101, wherein the means for determining theplurality of MG configurations comprises means for receiving theplurality of MG configurations from a base station, from a core networkentity, from a location management server (LMS), or from locationmanagement function (LMF).

Clause 103. The UE of any of clauses 101 to 102, wherein the means fordetermining the plurality of MG configurations comprises means forreceiving the plurality of MG configurations via radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Clause 104. The UE of any of clauses 101 to 103, further comprising:means for sending, to a serving base station, a second request to use asecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; meansfor receiving, from the serving base station, a response to the secondrequest; and means for measuring a second set of positioning signalsusing an MG configuration indicated by the response to the secondrequest; and means for reporting the measurement to the reference cellfor measurement reporting indicated by the MG configuration indicated bythe response to the second request.

Clause 105. The UE of clause 104, wherein the means for sending thesecond request comprises means for selecting the second MG configurationfrom the plurality of MG configurations based on measurements of thefirst set of positioning signals.

Clause 106. The UE of clause 105, wherein the means for selecting thesecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations based onthe measurements of the first set of positioning signals comprises:means for identifying, from the first set of positioning signals, afirst subset of positioning signals based on a quality metric; and meansfor selecting the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations based on the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 107. The UE of clause 106, wherein the quality metric comprises areference signal received power (RSRP) value, a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ) value, a signal to interference plus noise(SINK) value, a quality of a timing measurement, a dilution of precisionmetric, or various combinations thereof.

Clause 108. The UE of any of clauses 106 to 107, wherein the firstsubset of positioning signals satisfy a quality metric and whereinselecting the second MG configuration based on the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having an MGthat includes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 109. The UE of clause 108, wherein the means for selecting the MGconfiguration having the MG that includes means for the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having thesmallest MG that includes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 110. The UE of any of clauses 106 to 109, wherein the firstsubset of positioning signals fail to satisfy a quality metric andwherein selecting the second MG configuration based on the first subsetof positioning signals comprises selecting an MG configuration having anMG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 111. The UE of clause 110, wherein the means for selecting the MGconfiguration having the MG that excludes the first subset ofpositioning signals comprises means for selecting an MG configurationhaving the largest MG that excludes the first subset of positioningsignals.

Clause 112. The UE of any of clauses 104 to 111, wherein one MGconfiguration of the plurality of MG configurations is identified as adefault MG configuration.

Clause 113. The UE of clause 112, further comprising: means fordetecting a first trigger condition; means for sending, to the servingbase station, a request to use the default MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations, the default MG configuration defining adefault MG; means for receiving, from the serving base station, aresponse to the request to use the default MG configuration; and meansfor measuring a third set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the request to use thedefault MG configuration.

Clause 114. The UE of clause 113, wherein the means for detecting thefirst trigger condition comprises: means for detecting that a time limitfor using the second MG configuration has expired; means for detectingthat a threshold number of measurements using the second MGconfiguration has been satisfied; or means for receiving an instructionto stop using the second MG configuration.

Clause 115. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for determining aplurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL)and a measurement gap offset (MGO); means for sending, to a serving basestation, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; means for receiving, from the servingbase station, a response to the first request; means for measuring afirst set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the first request; means for sending, to the servingbase station, a request to receive an updated plurality of MGconfigurations; means for receiving, from the serving base station, theupdated plurality of MG configurations, the updated plurality of MGconfigurations comprising at least one new MG configuration; and meansfor measuring a second set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration from among the updated plurality of MG configurations.

Clause 116. The UE of clause 115, wherein the means for sending therequest to receive the updated plurality of MG configurations comprisesmeans for sending the request in response to determining that nopositioning signal in the first set of positioning signals meets aminimum quality standard.

Clause 117. A network entity, comprising: means for sending, to a userequipment (UE), a plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, eachMG configuration defining an MG having a measurement gap length (MGL)and a measurement gap offset (MGO); means for receiving, from the UE, afirst request to use a first MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; means for sending, to the UE, a response to the firstrequest, the response indicating an MG configuration to be used by theUE; means for receiving, from the UE, a second request to change atleast one MG configuration; and means for sending, to the UE, a responseto the second request to change at least one MG configuration.

Clause 118. The network entity of clause 117, wherein each MGconfiguration in the plurality of MG configurations indicates areference cell for measurement reporting.

Clause 119. The network entity of any of clauses 117 to 118, wherein oneMG configuration in the plurality of MG configurations is identified asa default MG configuration.

Clause 120. The network entity of any of clauses 117 to 119, whereinreceiving the second request comprises receiving a request to use asecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations, andwherein sending the response to the second request comprises sending anindication identifying an MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations to be used by the UE.

Clause 121. The network entity of clause 120, wherein the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request is thesame as the second MG configuration or different from the second MGconfiguration.

Clause 122. The network entity of any of clauses 117 to 121, whereinreceiving the second request comprises receiving a request to receive anupdated plurality of MG configurations, and wherein sending the responseto the second request comprises sending the updated plurality of MGconfigurations, the updated plurality of MG configurations comprising atleast one new MG configuration.

Clause 123. The network entity of any of clauses 117 to 122, wherein theresponse to the second request to change at least one MG configurationindicates that no MG configuration is changed.

Clause 124. The network entity of any of clauses 117 to 123, wherein thenetwork entity comprises a base station or a core network entity.

Clause 125. The network entity of any of clauses 117 to 124, wherein thenetwork entity comprises a core network entity.

Clause 126. The network entity of clause 125, wherein the core networkentity comprises a location management server (LMS) or a locationmanagement function (LMF).

Clause 127. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment(UE), cause the UE to: determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); send, to a serving base station, a first request to use a firstMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; receive, fromthe serving base station, a response to the first request; measure afirst set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the first request; select, based on measurements of thefirst set of positioning signals, a second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; send, to the serving base station, asecond request to use the second MG configuration from the plurality ofMG configurations; receive, from the serving base station, a response tothe second request; and measure a second set of positioning signalsusing an MG configuration indicated by the response to the secondrequest.

Clause 128. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 127,wherein the second MG configuration indicates a reference cell formeasurement reporting and wherein the method further comprises sending ameasurement report to the reference cell indicated by the second MGconfiguration.

Clause 129. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 127 to 128, wherein the computer-executable instructions that,when executed by the UE, cause the UE to determine the plurality of MGconfigurations comprise computer-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the UE, cause the UE to receive the plurality of MGconfigurations from a base station, from a core network entity, from alocation management server (LMS), or from location management function(LMF).

Clause 130. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 127 to 129, wherein the computer-executable instructions that,when executed by the UE, cause the UE to determine the plurality of MGconfigurations comprise computer-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the UE, cause the UE to receive the plurality of MGconfigurations via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Clause 131. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 127 to 130, wherein the MG configuration indicated by theresponse to the first request is the same as the first MG configurationor different from the first MG configuration.

Clause 132. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 127 to 131, wherein the MG configuration indicated by theresponse to the second request is the same as the second MGconfiguration or different from the second MG configuration.

Clause 133. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 127 to 132, wherein at least one positioning signal within atleast one of the first set of positioning signals or the second set ofpositioning signals comprises a positioning reference signal (PRS) or atracking reference signal (TRS).

Clause 134. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 127 to 133, wherein the computer-executable instructions that,when executed by the UE, cause the UE to select the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations based on themeasurements of the first set of positioning signals comprisecomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, causethe UE to: identify, from the first set of positioning signals, a firstsubset of positioning signals based on a quality metric; and select thesecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations based onthe first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 135. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 134,wherein the quality metric comprises a reference signal received power(RSRP) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a signalto interference plus noise (SINK) value, a quality of a timingmeasurement, a dilution of precision metric, or various combinationsthereof.

Clause 136. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 134 to 135, wherein the first subset of positioning signalssatisfy a quality metric and wherein selecting the second MGconfiguration based on the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having an MG that includes the firstsubset of positioning signals.

Clause 137. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 136,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to select the MG configuration having the MG thatcomprise computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE,cause the UE to the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having the smallest MG that includes thefirst subset of positioning signals.

Clause 138. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 134 to 137, wherein the first subset of positioning signals failto satisfy a quality metric and wherein selecting the second MGconfiguration based on the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having an MG that excludes the firstsubset of positioning signals.

Clause 139. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 138,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to select the MG configuration having the MG thatexcludes the first subset of positioning signals comprisecomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, causethe UE to select an MG configuration having the largest MG that excludesthe first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 140. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 127 to 139, further comprising computer-executable instructionsthat, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: detect a first triggercondition; send, to the serving base station, a request to use a defaultMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations, the default MGconfiguration defining a default MG; receive, from the serving basestation, a response to the request to use the default MG configuration;and measure a third set of positioning signals using an MG configurationindicated by the response to the request to use the default MGconfiguration.

Clause 141. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 140,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to detect the first trigger condition comprisecomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, causethe UE to: detect that a time limit for using the second MGconfiguration has expired; detect that a threshold number ofmeasurements using the second MG configuration has been satisfied; orreceive an instruction to stop using the second MG configuration.

Clause 142. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 140 to 141, wherein the default MG configuration comprises thefirst MG configuration, wherein the default MG comprises the first MG,and wherein the third set of positioning signals comprises the first setof positioning signals.

Clause 143. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by an UE, cause theUE to: determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations,each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MG having ameasurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset (MGO) andindicating a reference cell for measurement reporting; measure a firstset of positioning signals using one MG configuration from the pluralityof MG configurations; and report the measurement to the reference cellfor measurement reporting indicated by the one MG configuration.

Clause 144. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 143,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to determine the plurality of MG configurationscomprise computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE,cause the UE to receive the plurality of MG configurations from a basestation, from a core network entity, from a location management server(LMS), or from location management function (LMF).

Clause 145. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 143 to 144, wherein the computer-executable instructions that,when executed by the UE, cause the UE to determine the plurality of MGconfigurations comprise computer-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the UE, cause the UE to receive the plurality of MGconfigurations via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Clause 146. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 143 to 145, further comprising computer-executable instructionsthat, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: send, to a serving basestation, a second request to use a second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; receive, from the serving base station,a response to the second request; and measure a second set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the second request; and report the measurement to the reference cellfor measurement reporting indicated by the MG configuration indicated bythe response to the second request.

Clause 147. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 146,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to send the second request comprise computer-executableinstructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to select thesecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations based onmeasurements of the first set of positioning signals.

Clause 148. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 147,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to select the second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the measurements of the firstset of positioning signals comprise computer-executable instructionsthat, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: identify, from the firstset of positioning signals, a first subset of positioning signals basedon a quality metric; and select the second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the first subset of positioningsignals.

Clause 149. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 148,wherein the quality metric comprises a reference signal received power(RSRP) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a signalto interference plus noise (SINK) value, a quality of a timingmeasurement, a dilution of precision metric, or various combinationsthereof.

Clause 150. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 148 to 149, wherein the first subset of positioning signalssatisfy a quality metric and wherein selecting the second MGconfiguration based on the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having an MG that includes the firstsubset of positioning signals.

Clause 151. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 150,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to select the MG configuration having the MG thatcomprise computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE,cause the UE to the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having the smallest MG that includes thefirst subset of positioning signals.

Clause 152. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 148 to 151, wherein the first subset of positioning signals failto satisfy a quality metric and wherein selecting the second MGconfiguration based on the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having an MG that excludes the firstsubset of positioning signals.

Clause 153. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 152,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to select the MG configuration having the MG thatexcludes the first subset of positioning signals comprisecomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, causethe UE to select an MG configuration having the largest MG that excludesthe first subset of positioning signals.

Clause 154. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 146 to 153, wherein one MG configuration of the plurality of MGconfigurations is identified as a default MG configuration.

Clause 155. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 154,further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executedby the UE, cause the UE to: detect a first trigger condition; send, tothe serving base station, a request to use the default MG configurationfrom the plurality of MG configurations, the default MG configurationdefining a default MG; receive, from the serving base station, aresponse to the request to use the default MG configuration; and measurea third set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicatedby the response to the request to use the default MG configuration.

Clause 156. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 155,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to detect the first trigger condition comprisecomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, causethe UE to: detect that a time limit for using the second MGconfiguration has expired; detect that a threshold number ofmeasurements using the second MG configuration has been satisfied; orreceive an instruction to stop using the second MG configuration.

Clause 157. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by an UE, cause theUE to: determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations,each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MG having ameasurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset (MGO); send,to a serving base station, a first request to use a first MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; receive, from theserving base station, a response to the first request; measure a firstset of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by theresponse to the first request; send, to the serving base station, arequest to receive an updated plurality of MG configurations; receive,from the serving base station, the updated plurality of MGconfigurations, the updated plurality of MG configurations comprising atleast one new MG configuration; and measure a second set of positioningsignals using an MG configuration from among the updated plurality of MGconfigurations.

Clause 158. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 157,wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theUE, cause the UE to send the request to receive the updated plurality ofMG configurations comprise computer-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the UE, cause the UE to send the request in response todetermining that no positioning signal in the first set of positioningsignals meets a minimum quality standard.

Clause 159. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by a networkentity, cause the network entity to: send, to a user equipment (UE), aplurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configurationdefining an MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurementgap offset (MGO); receive, from the UE, a first request to use a firstMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; send, to theUE, a response to the first request, the response indicating an MGconfiguration to be used by the UE; receive, from the UE, a secondrequest to change at least one MG configuration; and send, to the UE, aresponse to the second request to change at least one MG configuration.

Clause 160. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 159,wherein each MG configuration in the plurality of MG configurationsindicates a reference cell for measurement reporting.

Clause 161. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 159 to 160, wherein one MG configuration in the plurality of MGconfigurations is identified as a default MG configuration.

Clause 162. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 159 to 161, wherein receiving the second request comprisesreceiving a request to use a second MG configuration from the pluralityof MG configurations, and wherein sending the response to the secondrequest comprises sending an indication identifying an MG configurationfrom the plurality of MG configurations to be used by the UE.

Clause 163. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 162,wherein the MG configuration indicated by the response to the secondrequest is the same as the second MG configuration or different from thesecond MG configuration.

Clause 164. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 159 to 163, wherein receiving the second request comprisesreceiving a request to receive an updated plurality of MGconfigurations, and wherein sending the response to the second requestcomprises sending the updated plurality of MG configurations, theupdated plurality of MG configurations comprising at least one new MGconfiguration.

Clause 165. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 159 to 164, wherein the response to the second request to changeat least one MG configuration indicates that no MG configuration ischanged.

Clause 166. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 159 to 165, wherein the network entity comprises a base stationor a core network entity.

Clause 167. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any ofclauses 159 to 166, wherein the network entity comprises a core networkentity.

Clause 168. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 167,wherein the core network entity comprises a location management server(LMS) or a location management function (LMF).

Clause 169. An apparatus comprising a memory, a transceiver, and aprocessor communicatively coupled to the memory and the transceiver, thememory, the transceiver, and the processor configured to perform amethod according to any of clauses 1 to 42.

Clause 170. An apparatus comprising means for performing a methodaccording to any of clauses 1 to 42.

Clause 171. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions, the computer-executable comprising atleast one instruction for causing a computer or processor to perform amethod according to any of clauses 1 to 42.

Additional aspects include the following:

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE) includes determining a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); sending, to a serving base station, a first request to use afirst MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations;receiving, from the serving base station, a response to the firstrequest; measuring a first set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the first request; selecting,based on measurements of the first set of positioning signals, a secondMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; sending, tothe serving base station, a second request to use the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; receiving, fromthe serving base station, a response to the second request; andmeasuring a second set of positioning signals using an MG configurationindicated by the response to the second request.

In some aspects, the second MG configuration indicates a reference cellfor measurement reporting.

In some aspects, the method includes sending a measurement report to thereference cell indicated by the second MG configuration.

In some aspects, determining the plurality of MG configurationscomprises receiving the plurality of MG configurations from a basestation or a core network entity.

In some aspects, determining the plurality of MG configurationscomprises receiving the plurality of MG configurations from a locationmanagement server (LMS) or location management function (LMF).

In some aspects, determining the plurality of MG configurationscomprises receiving the plurality of MG configurations via radioresource control (RRC) signaling.

In some aspects, the MG configuration indicated by the response to thefirst request is the same as the first MG configuration or differentfrom the first MG configuration.

In some aspects, the MG configuration indicated by the response to thesecond request is the same as the second MG configuration or differentfrom the second MG configuration.

In some aspects, at least one positioning signal within at least one ofthe first and second sets of positioning signals comprises a positioningreference signal (PRS) or a tracking reference signal (TRS).

In some aspects, selecting a second MG configuration from the pluralityof MG configurations based on measurements of the first set ofpositioning signals comprises: identifying, from the first set ofpositioning signals, a first subset of positioning signals based on aquality metric; and selecting a second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the first subset of positioningsignals.

In some aspects, the quality metric comprises a reference signalreceived power (RSRP) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ)value, a signal to interference plus noise (SINR) value, a quality of atiming measurement, a dilution of precision metric, or variouscombinations thereof.

In some aspects, the first subset of positioning signals satisfy aquality metric and selecting the second MG configuration based on thefirst subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having an MG that includes the first subset of positioningsignals.

In some aspects, selecting an MG configuration having an MG thatincludes the first subset of positioning signals comprises selecting anMG configuration having the smallest MG that includes the first subsetof positioning signals.

In some aspects, the first subset of positioning signals fail to satisfya quality metric and selecting the second MG configuration based on thefirst subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having an MG that excludes the first subset of positioningsignals.

In some aspects, selecting an MG configuration having an MG thatexcludes the first subset of positioning signals comprises selecting anMG configuration having the largest MG that excludes the first subset ofpositioning signals.

In some aspects, the method includes detecting a first triggercondition; sending, to a serving base station, a request to use adefault MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations, thedefault MG configuration defining a default MG; receiving, from theserving base station, a response to the request to use the default MGconfiguration; and measuring a third set of positioning signals withinthe default MG.

In some aspects, detecting the first trigger condition comprises:detecting that a time limit for using the second MG has expired;detecting that a threshold number of measurements using the second MGhas been satisfied; or receiving an instruction to stop using the secondMG.

In some aspects, the default MG configuration comprises the first MGconfiguration, the default MG comprises the first MG, and the third setof positioning signals comprises the first set of positioning signals.

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a networkentity includes sending, to a user equipment (UE), a plurality ofmeasurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration defining anMG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); receiving, from the UE, a first request to use a first MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; and sending, tothe UE, a response to the first request, indicating an MG configurationto be used by the UE.

In some aspects, the MG configuration indicated by the response to thefirst request is the same as the first MG configuration or differentfrom the first MG configuration.

In some aspects, the method includes receiving, from the UE, a secondrequest to use a second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; and sending, to the UE, a response to the secondrequest, indicating an MG configuration to be used by the UE.

In some aspects, the MG configuration indicated by the response to thesecond request is the same as the second MG configuration or differentfrom the second MG configuration.

In some aspects, the network entity comprises a base station.

In some aspects, the network entity comprises a core network entity.

In some aspects, the core network entity comprises a location managementserver (LMS) or a location management function (LMF).

In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); cause the at least one transceiver to send, to a serving basestation, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; cause the at least one transceiver toreceive, from the serving base station, a response to the first request;measure a first set of positioning signals using an MG configurationindicated by the response to the first request; select, based onmeasurements of the first set of positioning signals, a second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; cause the atleast one transceiver to send, to the serving base station, a secondrequest to use the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; cause the at least one transceiver to receive, from theserving base station, a response to the second request; and measure asecond set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the second request.

In some aspects, the second MG configuration indicates a reference cellfor measurement reporting.

In some aspects, the at least one processor is further configured tocause the at least one transceiver to send a measurement report to thereference cell indicated by the second MG configuration.

In some aspects, determining the plurality of MG configurationscomprises receiving the plurality of MG configurations from a basestation or a core network entity.

In some aspects, determining the plurality of MG configurationscomprises receiving the plurality of MG configurations from a locationmanagement server (LMS) or location management function (LMF).

In some aspects, determining the plurality of MG configurationscomprises receiving the plurality of MG configurations via radioresource control (RRC) signaling.

In some aspects, the MG configuration indicated by the response to thefirst request is the same as the first MG configuration or differentfrom the first MG configuration.

In some aspects, the MG configuration indicated by the response to thesecond request is the same as the second MG configuration or differentfrom the second MG configuration.

In some aspects, at least one positioning signal within at least one ofthe first and second sets of positioning signals comprises a positioningreference signal (PRS) or a tracking reference signal (TRS).

In some aspects, selecting a second MG configuration from the pluralityof MG configurations based on measurements of the first set ofpositioning signals comprises: identifying, from the first set ofpositioning signals, a first subset of positioning signals based on aquality metric; and selecting a second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the first subset of positioningsignals.

In some aspects, the quality metric comprises a reference signalreceived power (RSRP) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ)value, a signal to interference plus noise (SINR) value, a quality of atiming measurement, a dilution of precision metric, or variouscombinations thereof.

In some aspects, the first subset of positioning signals satisfy aquality metric and selecting the second MG configuration based on thefirst subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having an MG that includes the first subset of positioningsignals.

In some aspects, selecting an MG configuration having an MG thatincludes the first subset of positioning signals comprises selecting anMG configuration having the smallest MG that includes the first subsetof positioning signals.

In some aspects, the first subset of positioning signals fail to satisfya quality metric and selecting the second MG configuration based on thefirst subset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MGconfiguration having an MG that excludes the first subset of positioningsignals.

In some aspects, selecting an MG configuration having an MG thatexcludes the first subset of positioning signals comprises selecting anMG configuration having the largest MG that excludes the first subset ofpositioning signals.

In some aspects, the at least one processor is further configured to:detect a first trigger condition; cause the at least one transceiver tosend, to a serving base station, a request to use a default MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations, the default MGconfiguration defining a default MG; and measure a third set ofpositioning signals within the default MG.

In some aspects, detecting the first trigger condition comprises:detecting that a time limit for using the second MG has expired;detecting that a threshold number of measurements using the second MGhas been satisfied; or receiving an instruction to stop using the secondMG.

In some aspects, the default MG configuration comprises the first MGconfiguration, the default MG comprises the first MG, and the third setof positioning signals comprises the first set of positioning signals.

In an aspect, a network entity includes a memory; at least onecommunication interface; and at least one processor communicativelycoupled to the memory and the at least one communication interface, theat least one processor configured to: cause the at least onecommunication interface to send, to a user equipment (UE), a pluralityof measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration definingan MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); cause the at least one communication interface to receive, fromthe UE, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; and cause the at least one communicationinterface to send, to the UE, a response to the first request,indicating an MG configuration to be used by the UE.

In some aspects, the MG configuration indicated by the response to thefirst request is the same as the first MG configuration or differentfrom the first MG configuration.

In some aspects, the at least one processor is further configured to:cause the at least one communication interface to receive, from the UE,a second request to use a second MG configuration from the plurality ofMG configurations; and cause the at least one communication interface tosend, to the UE, a response to the second request, indicating an MGconfiguration to be used by the UE.

In some aspects, the MG configuration indicated by the response to thesecond request is the same as the second MG configuration or differentfrom the second MG configuration.

In some aspects, the network entity comprises a base station.

In some aspects, the network entity comprises a core network entity.

In some aspects, the core network entity comprises a location managementserver (LMS) or a location management function (LMF).

In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for determining aplurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configurationdefining one or more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL)and a measurement gap offset (MGO); means for sending, to a serving basestation, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; means for receiving, from the servingbase station, a response to the first request; means for measuring afirst set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the first request; means for selecting, based onmeasurements of the first set of positioning signals, a second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; means forsending, to the serving base station, a second request to use the secondMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; means forreceiving, from the serving base station, a response to the secondrequest; and means for measuring a second set of positioning signalsusing an MG configuration indicated by the response to the secondrequest.

In some aspects, the method includes means for detecting a first triggercondition; means for sending, to a serving base station, a request touse a default MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations,the default MG configuration defining a default MG; means for receiving,from the serving base station, a response to the request to use thedefault MG configuration; and means for measuring a third set ofpositioning signals within the default MG.

In an aspect, a network entity includes means for sending, to a userequipment (UE), a plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, eachMG configuration defining an MG having a measurement gap length (MGL)and a measurement gap offset (MGO); means for receiving, from the UE, afirst request to use a first MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; and means for sending, to the UE, a response to thefirst request, indicating an MG configuration to be used by the UE.

In some aspects, the method includes means for receiving, from the UE, asecond request to use a second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; and means for sending, to the UE, a response to thesecond request, indicating an MG configuration to be used by the UE.

In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium containinginstructions stored thereon for causing at least one processor in a userequipment (UE) to: determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); send, to a serving base station, a first request to use a firstMG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; receive, fromthe serving base station, a response to the first request; measure afirst set of positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated bythe response to the first request; select, based on measurements of thefirst set of positioning signals, a second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; send, to the serving base station, asecond request to use the second MG configuration from the plurality ofMG configurations; receive, from the serving base station, a response tothe second request; and measure a second set of positioning signalsusing an MG configuration indicated by the response to the secondrequest.

In some aspects, the method includes detect a first trigger condition;send, to a serving base station, a request to use a default MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations, the default MGconfiguration defining a default MG; and measure a third set ofpositioning signals within the default MG.

In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium containinginstructions stored thereon for causing at least one processor in anetwork entity to: send, to a user equipment (UE), a plurality ofmeasurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration defining anMG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); receive, from the UE, a first request to use a first MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; and send, to theUE, a response to the first request, indicating an MG configuration tobe used by the UE.

In some aspects, the method includes receive, from the UE, a secondrequest to use a second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; and send, to the UE, a response to the second request,indicating an MG configuration to be used by the UE.

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE) includes determining a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); measuring a first set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration having a largest MGL from among the plurality of MGconfigurations; determining that none of the positioning signals in thefirst set of positioning signals meets a minimum quality standard;sending, to the serving base station, a request to receive an updatedplurality of MG configurations; receiving, from the serving basestation, an updated plurality of MG configurations, the updatedplurality of MG configurations comprising at least one new MGconfiguration; and measuring a second set of positioning signals usingan MG configuration from among the updated plurality of MGconfigurations.

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a networkentity includes receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a request toreceive an updated plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations,each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MG having ameasurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset (MGO); andsending, to the UE, an updated plurality of MG configurations, theupdated plurality of MG configurations comprising at least one new MGconfiguration.

The solutions presented herein provide at least the following technicaladvantages. For on-demand PRS, the techniques presented herein can beused to improve the PRS overhead, by allowing the UE to decode a smallernumber of PRSs in tracking mode, and by allowing the base station orcore network entity to stop scheduling PRSs outside of the requestedmeasurement gap. The same benefits apply for regularly broadcasted PRSs.The same benefits also apply to TRSs.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signalsmay be represented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the variousillustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm stepsdescribed in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may beimplemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinationsof both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware andsoftware, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits,and steps have been described above generally in terms of theirfunctionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware orsoftware depends upon the particular application and design constraintsimposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement thedescribed functionality in varying ways for each particular application,but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing adeparture from the scope of the present disclosure.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented orperformed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, orother programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic,discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed toperform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor maybe a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be anyconventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Aprocessor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices,e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a set of two or moremicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSPcore, or any other such configuration.

The methods, sequences and/or algorithms described in connection withthe aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in asoftware module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.A software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flashmemory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, aremovable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known inthe art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor suchthat the processor can read information from, and write information to,the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may beintegral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium mayreside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE). Inthe alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside asdiscrete components in a user terminal.

In one or more exemplary aspects, the functions described may beimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on ortransmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computerstorage media and communication media including any medium thatfacilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Astorage media may be any available media that can be accessed by acomputer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readablemedia can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical diskstorage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or anyother medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code inthe form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed bya computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readablemedium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website,server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologiessuch as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiberoptic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such asinfrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc,optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray discwhere disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproducedata optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also beincluded within the scope of computer-readable media.

While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative aspects of thedisclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modificationscould be made herein without departing from the scope of the disclosureas defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps and/or actionsof the method claims in accordance with the aspects of the disclosuredescribed herein need not be performed in any particular order.Furthermore, although elements of the disclosure may be described orclaimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation tothe singular is explicitly stated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication performed by auser equipment (UE), the method comprising: determining a plurality ofmeasurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration defining oneor more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and ameasurement gap offset (MGO); sending, to a serving base station, afirst request to use a first MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; receiving, from the serving base station, a response tothe first request; measuring a first set of positioning signals using anMG configuration indicated by the response to the first request;selecting, based on measurements of the first set of positioningsignals, a second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; sending, to the serving base station, a second requestto use the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; receiving, from the serving base station, a response tothe second request; and measuring a second set of positioning signalsusing an MG configuration indicated by the response to the secondrequest.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second MG configurationindicates a reference cell for measurement reporting and wherein themethod further comprises sending a measurement report to the referencecell indicated by the second MG configuration.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the MG configuration indicated by the response to the firstrequest is the same as the first MG configuration or different from thefirst MG configuration.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request is thesame as the second MG configuration or different from the second MGconfiguration.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least onepositioning signal within at least one of the first set of positioningsignals or the second set of positioning signals comprises a positioningreference signal (PRS) or a tracking reference signal (TRS).
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein selecting the second MG configuration fromthe plurality of MG configurations based on the measurements of thefirst set of positioning signals comprises: identifying, from the firstset of positioning signals, a first subset of positioning signals basedon a quality metric; and selecting the second MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations based on the first subset of positioningsignals.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the quality metric comprisesa reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ) value, a signal to interference plus noise(SINK) value, a quality of a timing measurement, a dilution of precisionmetric, or various combinations thereof.
 8. The method of claim 6,wherein the first subset of positioning signals satisfy a quality metricand wherein selecting the second MG configuration based on the firstsubset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MG configurationhaving an MG that includes the first subset of positioning signals. 9.The method of claim 8, wherein selecting the MG configuration having theMG that includes the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having the smallest MG that includes thefirst subset of positioning signals.
 10. The method of claim 6, whereinthe first subset of positioning signals fail to satisfy a quality metricand wherein selecting the second MG configuration based on the firstsubset of positioning signals comprises selecting an MG configurationhaving an MG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals. 11.The method of claim 10, wherein selecting the MG configuration havingthe MG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals comprisesselecting an MG configuration having the largest MG that excludes thefirst subset of positioning signals.
 12. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: detecting a first trigger condition; sending, to the servingbase station, a request to use a default MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations, the default MG configuration defining adefault MG; receiving, from the serving base station, a response to therequest to use the default MG configuration; and measuring a third setof positioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by theresponse to the request to use the default MG configuration.
 13. Themethod of claim 12, wherein detecting the first trigger conditioncomprises: detecting that a time limit for using the second MGconfiguration has expired; detecting that a threshold number ofmeasurements using the second MG configuration has been satisfied; orreceiving an instruction to stop using the second MG configuration. 14.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE),the method comprising: determining a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset (MGO)and indicating a reference cell for measurement reporting; measuring afirst set of positioning signals using one MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; and reporting the measurement to thereference cell for measurement reporting indicated by the one MGconfiguration.
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: sending,to a serving base station, a second request to use a second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations; receiving, fromthe serving base station, a response to the second request; andmeasuring a second set of positioning signals using an MG configurationindicated by the response to the second request; and reporting themeasurement to the reference cell for measurement reporting indicated bythe MG configuration indicated by the response to the second request.16. The method of claim 15, wherein sending the second request comprisesselecting the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations based on measurements of the first set of positioningsignals.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations based on themeasurements of the first set of positioning signals comprises:identifying, from the first set of positioning signals, a first subsetof positioning signals based on a quality metric; and selecting thesecond MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations based onthe first subset of positioning signals.
 18. The method of claim 17,wherein the quality metric comprises a reference signal received power(RSRP) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a signalto interference plus noise (SINK) value, a quality of a timingmeasurement, a dilution of precision metric, or various combinationsthereof.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein one MG configuration of theplurality of MG configurations is identified as a default MGconfiguration.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: detectinga first trigger condition; sending, to the serving base station, arequest to use the default MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations, the default MG configuration defining a default MG;receiving, from the serving base station, a response to the request touse the default MG configuration; and measuring a third set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the request to use the default MG configuration.
 21. The method ofclaim 20, wherein detecting the first trigger condition comprises:detecting that a time limit for using the second MG configuration hasexpired; detecting that a threshold number of measurements using thesecond MG configuration has been satisfied; or receiving an instructionto stop using the second MG configuration.
 22. A method of wirelesscommunication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:determining a plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MGconfiguration defining one or more MGs, each MG having a measurement gaplength (MGL) and a measurement gap offset (MGO); sending, to a servingbase station, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; receiving, from the serving basestation, a response to the first request; measuring a first set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the first request; sending, to the serving base station, a request toreceive an updated plurality of MG configurations; receiving, from theserving base station, the updated plurality of MG configurations, theupdated plurality of MG configurations comprising at least one new MGconfiguration; and measuring a second set of positioning signals usingan MG configuration from among the updated plurality of MGconfigurations.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein sending the requestto receive the updated plurality of MG configurations comprises sendingthe request in response to determining that no positioning signal in thefirst set of positioning signals meets a minimum quality standard.
 24. Auser equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; andat least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the atleast one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to:determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG) configurations, each MGconfiguration defining one or more MGs, each MG having a measurement gaplength (MGL) and a measurement gap offset (MGO); send, via the at leastone transceiver, to a serving base station, a first request to use afirst MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; receive,via the at least one transceiver, from the serving base station, aresponse to the first request; measure a first set of positioningsignals using an MG configuration indicated by the response to the firstrequest; select, based on measurements of the first set of positioningsignals, a second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations; send, via the at least one transceiver, to the servingbase station, a second request to use the second MG configuration fromthe plurality of MG configurations; receive, via the at least onetransceiver, from the serving base station, a response to the secondrequest; and measure a second set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request.
 25. TheUE of claim 24, wherein the second MG configuration indicates areference cell for measurement reporting and wherein the at least oneprocessor is further configured to send a measurement report to thereference cell indicated by the second MG configuration.
 26. The UE ofclaim 24, wherein the MG configuration indicated by the response to thefirst request is the same as the first MG configuration or differentfrom the first MG configuration.
 27. The UE of claim 24, wherein the MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the second request is thesame as the second MG configuration or different from the second MGconfiguration.
 28. The UE of claim 24, wherein at least one positioningsignal within at least one of the first set of positioning signals orthe second set of positioning signals comprises a positioning referencesignal (PRS) or a tracking reference signal (TRS).
 29. The UE of claim24, wherein, to select the second MG configuration from the plurality ofMG configurations based on the measurements of the first set ofpositioning signals, the at least one processor is configured to:identify, from the first set of positioning signals, a first subset ofpositioning signals based on a quality metric; and select the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations based on the firstsubset of positioning signals.
 30. The UE of claim 29, wherein thequality metric comprises a reference signal received power (RSRP) value,a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a signal tointerference plus noise (SINK) value, a quality of a timing measurement,a dilution of precision metric, or various combinations thereof.
 31. TheUE of claim 29, wherein the first subset of positioning signals satisfya quality metric and wherein, to select the second MG configurationbased on the first subset of positioning signals, the at least oneprocessor is configured to select an MG configuration having an MG thatincludes the first subset of positioning signals.
 32. The UE of claim31, wherein, to select the MG configuration having the MG that, the atleast one processor is configured to the first subset of positioningsignals comprises selecting an MG configuration having the smallest MGthat includes the first subset of positioning signals.
 33. The UE ofclaim 29, wherein the first subset of positioning signals fail tosatisfy a quality metric and wherein, to select the second MGconfiguration based on the first subset of positioning signals, the atleast one processor is configured to select an MG configuration havingan MG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals.
 34. The UEof claim 33, wherein, to select the MG configuration having the MG thatexcludes the first subset of positioning signals, the at least oneprocessor is configured to select an MG configuration having the largestMG that excludes the first subset of positioning signals.
 35. The UE ofclaim 24, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:detect a first trigger condition; send, via the at least onetransceiver, to the serving base station, a request to use a default MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations, the default MGconfiguration defining a default MG; receive, via the at least onetransceiver, from the serving base station, a response to the request touse the default MG configuration; and measure a third set of positioningsignals using an MG configuration indicated by the response to therequest to use the default MG configuration.
 36. The UE of claim 35,wherein, to detect the first trigger condition, the at least oneprocessor is configured to: detect that a time limit for using thesecond MG configuration has expired; detect that a threshold number ofmeasurements using the second MG configuration has been satisfied; orreceive, via the at least one transceiver, an instruction to stop usingthe second MG configuration.
 37. A user equipment (UE), comprising: amemory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processorcommunicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver,the at least one processor configured to: determine a plurality ofmeasurement gap (MG) configurations, each MG configuration defining oneor more MGs, each MG having a measurement gap length (MGL) and ameasurement gap offset (MGO) and indicating a reference cell formeasurement reporting; measure a first set of positioning signals usingone MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations; and reportthe measurement to the reference cell for measurement reportingindicated by the one MG configuration.
 38. The UE of claim 37, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to: send, via the atleast one transceiver, to a serving base station, a second request touse a second MG configuration from the plurality of MG configurations;receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the serving basestation, a response to the second request; and measure a second set ofpositioning signals using an MG configuration indicated by the responseto the second request; and report the measurement to the reference cellfor measurement reporting indicated by the MG configuration indicated bythe response to the second request.
 39. The UE of claim 38, wherein, tosend the second request, the at least one processor is configured toselect the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations based on measurements of the first set of positioningsignals.
 40. The UE of claim 39, wherein, to select the second MGconfiguration from the plurality of MG configurations based on themeasurements of the first set of positioning signals, the at least oneprocessor is configured to: identify, from the first set of positioningsignals, a first subset of positioning signals based on a qualitymetric; and select the second MG configuration from the plurality of MGconfigurations based on the first subset of positioning signals.
 41. TheUE of claim 40, wherein the quality metric comprises a reference signalreceived power (RSRP) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ)value, a signal to interference plus noise (SINK) value, a quality of atiming measurement, a dilution of precision metric, or variouscombinations thereof.
 42. The UE of claim 38, wherein one MGconfiguration of the plurality of MG configurations is identified as adefault MG configuration.
 43. The UE of claim 42, wherein the at leastone processor is further configured to: detect a first triggercondition; send, via the at least one transceiver, to the serving basestation, a request to use the default MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations, the default MG configuration defining adefault MG; receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the servingbase station, a response to the request to use the default MGconfiguration; and measure a third set of positioning signals using anMG configuration indicated by the response to the request to use thedefault MG configuration.
 44. The UE of claim 43, wherein, to detect thefirst trigger condition, the at least one processor is configured to:detect that a time limit for using the second MG configuration hasexpired; detect that a threshold number of measurements using the secondMG configuration has been satisfied; or receive, via the at least onetransceiver, an instruction to stop using the second MG configuration.45. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; at least onetransceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to thememory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processorconfigured to: determine a plurality of measurement gap (MG)configurations, each MG configuration defining one or more MGs, each MGhaving a measurement gap length (MGL) and a measurement gap offset(MGO); send, via the at least one transceiver, to a serving basestation, a first request to use a first MG configuration from theplurality of MG configurations; receive, via the at least onetransceiver, from the serving base station, a response to the firstrequest; measure a first set of positioning signals using an MGconfiguration indicated by the response to the first request; send, viathe at least one transceiver, to the serving base station, a request toreceive an updated plurality of MG configurations; receive, via the atleast one transceiver, from the serving base station, the updatedplurality of MG configurations, the updated plurality of MGconfigurations comprising at least one new MG configuration; and measurea second set of positioning signals using an MG configuration from amongthe updated plurality of MG configurations.
 46. The UE of claim 45,wherein, to send the request to receive the updated plurality of MGconfigurations, the at least one processor is configured to send therequest in response to determining that no positioning signal in thefirst set of positioning signals meets a minimum quality standard.